Each process aligns with a specific PMI-defined Process Group in the PMBOK Guide. Acquire Resources is executed during the Executing group to ensure team and material availability. Validate Scope belongs to Monitoring and Controlling, as it focuses on formal acceptance of deliverables. Identify Risks is performed in the Planning group, where potential project threats and opportunities are documented. Identify Stakeholders occurs during Initiating, since stakeholder interests must be recognized early to define project direction and communication strategies.

Project Management Institute (PMI). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, PMI, 2017:

Section 9.3 (Acquire Resources) – Executing Process Group.

Section 5.5 (Validate Scope) – Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.

Section 11.2 (Identify Risks) – Planning Process Group.

Section 13.1 (Identify Stakeholders) – Initiating Process Group.

MIT OpenCourseWare, Project Management (Course 15.960), Lecture Notes on Project Life Cycle and Process Groups – confirms mapping of Planning, Executing, Monitoring & Controlling, and Initiating activities.

Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, 12th Ed., Wiley. Chapter on PM Process Groups supports PMI framework alignment (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119165354

).