Each process is aligned with the PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition process groups. Identify Stakeholders is an Initiating process as it occurs early to define who is impacted. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis belongs to Planning because it prioritizes identified risks for response planning. Validate Scope fits Monitoring and Controlling, since it ensures deliverables are formally accepted. Manage Project Knowledge is part of Executing because it focuses on using lessons learned and existing knowledge to deliver project work effectively.

Project Management Institute. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition. Project Management Institute, 2017:

Identify Stakeholders: Section 13.1, p. 507 (Initiating Process Group)

Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: Section 11.3, p. 421 (Planning Process Group)

Validate Scope: Section 5.5, p. 163 (Monitoring and Controlling Process Group)

Manage Project Knowledge: Section 4.4, p. 98 (Executing Process Group)

Crawford, J.K. (2021). Project Management Maturity Model. Auerbach Publications. DOI: 10.1201/9781315278207

– Discusses alignment of processes to process groups.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OpenCourseWare. Project Management. Lecture on PMBOK Process Groups and Knowledge Areas (OCW 15.975, 2019).

Stanford University, Center for Professional Development. Advanced Project Management course notes (2020), Module on “PMI Process Groups Alignment.”