AWS Glue is a serverless ETL (extract, transform, and load) service designed for data preparation for analytics and machine learning. An AWS Glue job can connect to an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database using a JDBC connection. To meet the security requirement, this connection can be routed through an AWS Site-to-Site VPN, which establishes a secure IPsec tunnel between the on-premises data center and the AWS VPC where the Glue job runs. The Glue job's script can be written to execute a SQL query that selects only the specific non-sensitive columns and rows. This ensures filtering occurs at the source, and sensitive data never traverses the network or leaves the data center, satisfying all stated requirements.

A. While AWS DMS can filter data, AWS Glue is the more appropriate, purpose-built ETL service for preparing data for analytics and machine learning, offering greater flexibility.

B. Using Amazon Data Firehose with AWS Lambda for filtering would mean sensitive data leaves the on-premises data center before being filtered, violating the core security requirement.

D. Transferring an entire database backup file to S3 would move all data, including sensitive records, into the AWS Cloud before any filtering could occur, which is explicitly forbidden.

1. AWS Glue Developer Guide, "Adding a connection to your data store": This guide explains that for AWS Glue to access on-premises JDBC data stores, a network path must be established. It states, "If your data store is on-premises, you must provide a network route between AWS Glue and your data store, for example, using AWS Direct Connect or a virtual private network (VPN)." This supports using a VPN for connectivity.

2. AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide, "What is AWS Site-to-Site VPN?": This document confirms that AWS Site-to-Site VPN provides a secure connection using IPsec. "A Site-to-Site VPN connection creates a secure connection between your data center or branch office and your AWS cloud resources... We use IPsec to secure traffic through the tunnels." This directly addresses the IPsec requirement.

3. AWS Glue Developer Guide, "Authoring jobs in AWS Glue": The documentation on creating Glue jobs details how custom scripts (PySpark or Scala) can be used to define precise data extraction logic. This includes specifying SQL queries with WHERE clauses and column selections (SELECT col1, col2...) to ensure only non-sensitive data is pulled from the source database.

4. AWS Whitepaper, "AWS Database Migration Service Best Practices" (Page 10): This whitepaper discusses security for DMS, mentioning, "For on-premises to AWS migrations, you can use AWS Direct Connect or a VPN connection to establish private connectivity." While this shows DMS can use a VPN, the whitepaper also details DMS's primary purpose as migration and replication, making Glue a better fit for a recurring ETL task for machine learning.