Which file is a sequence of bytes organized into blocks understandable by the system’s linker?

An object file is the product of a compiler or assembler and serves as the primary input for a linker. It contains machine code and associated data organized into distinct blocks or sections (e.g., .text for code, .data for initialized data). This structured format includes a symbol table and relocation information that the linker uses to resolve references between different object files and combine them into a single executable or library. The linker is specifically designed to parse and process this block-based structure.

A. executable file: This is the final output of the linker, not its input. It is a fully resolved program ready to be loaded into memory and executed.

B. source file: This file contains human-readable programming code and is the input for the compiler, which in turn generates an object file.

D. None of these: This is incorrect because the object file (Option C) is the precise answer that fits the description provided in the question.

1. Bryant, R. E., & O'Hallaron, D. R. (2016). Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective (3rd ed.). Pearson. In Chapter 7, "Linking," Section 7.3, it is stated: "Object files come in three forms... Relocatable object file. Contains binary code and data in a form that can be combined with other relocatable object files... to create an executable object file." Section 7.4 further details the block-based structure of these files (e.g., ELF format with sections like .text, .data, .symtab).

2. Salomon, D. (2007). Assemblers and Loaders. In G. Goos, J. Hartmanis, & J. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer. In Section 1.2, "The Task of the Linker," it describes how a linker's input is "one or more object modules (the output of a compiler or an assembler)."

3. Patterson, D. A., & Hennessy, J. L. (2017). Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition: The Hardware Software Interface. Morgan Kaufmann. In Chapter 2, Section 2.12, "A C Sort Example to Put It All Together," Figure 2.22 illustrates the compilation flow where the compiler/assembler produces an object file, which is then processed by the linker to produce an executable file. The text explains, "The linker takes all the independently assembled machine language programs and 'stitches' them together."