Fiber optic cables transmit data as pulses of light through thin strands of glass or plastic. Since the signal is light (photons) rather than an electrical current (electrons), it is not affected by external electromagnetic fields. This inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) prevents signal degradation from nearby power lines, motors, or other sources of electrical noise. This property, combined with extremely low signal attenuation, allows fiber optic cables to be used over distances of many kilometers, far exceeding the length limitations of copper-based cabling.

B. Coaxial cable: While it has a metallic shield to protect against EMI, it is not completely immune because it still transmits electrical signals through a copper conductor.
C. Twisted Pair cable: This cable type uses the twisting of copper wire pairs to cancel out EMI, but it remains susceptible to interference, limiting its effective length (typically to 100 meters).
D. Axial cable: This is not a standard term for a type of network cabling and serves as a distractor. ---

1. The Fiber Optic Association (FOA). (n.d.). The FOA Guide to Fiber Optics & Premises Cabling. In "Fiber Vs. Copper". The guide states, "Fiber is also immune to EMI (electromagnetic interference). The fiber itself is made of glass, which is an insulator, so no electric current can flow along it... This is a big advantage in many industrial and urban environments." It also notes, "Because of lower attenuation and no interference, fiber can be run much longer distances than copper." Retrieved from the FOA Online Reference Guide.

2. Kurose, J. F., & Ross, K. W. (2017). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th ed.). Pearson. In Chapter 2, Section 2.2.2 "Physical Media," the text describes guided media. When discussing fiber optics, it highlights its immunity to electromagnetic interference and its low signal attenuation, which allows for high-speed data transmission over distances ranging from 500 meters to hundreds of kilometers.

3. Gallager, R. G., & Bertsekas, D. (2012). 6.02 Introduction to EECS II: Digital Communication Systems, Course Notes. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare. Chapter 7, "Channels," discusses different transmission media. Section 7.1.3, "Optical Fiber," notes that "Optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference and has very low attenuation," contrasting it with copper wires like twisted pair and coaxial cable which are described as being susceptible to such interference.