SAFe recommends using a second operating system to deliver value by creating a dual operating
system that consists of a Network and a Hierarchy. The Network is optimized for speed and
adaptability, while the Hierarchy is optimized for efficiency and stability. The Network is composed of
development value streams (DVSs) that are realized by product-focused Agile Release Trains (ARTs).
The ARTs are cross-functional teams that work together to deliver software products on a regular
schedule. The Hierarchy provides the necessary support and governance for the Network, such as
operations, HR, finance, and compliance. By using a second operating system, SAFe enables business
agility by allowing the organization to organize and reorganize around the flow of value, while
maintaining the benefits and stability of the existing hierarchical structure. Reference: Business
Agility, Principle #10 – Organize around value, How Does SAFe Enable Business Agility Through A
Second Operating System, How does safe provide a second operating system that enables business
agility
