1. Salesforce Help, Article: Publish Articles and Translations
Reference: Under the "Publish a Knowledge Article" section, the documentation states, "Publishing an article makes it visible to its intended audience... When you’re ready to publish your draft article, you can publish it immediately or schedule it for a future date." This confirms that the "Publish" action is what controls visibility.
2. Salesforce Help, Article: Create an Approval Process for Articles
Reference: This document outlines the steps for setting up an approval process. It details actions like field updates and record locking upon final approval. It implicitly separates the approval from the publishing act, which is performed on the article record itself after the approval conditions are met. The approval process makes an article eligible for publishing.
3. Salesforce Help, Article: Knowledge Article States
Reference: This documentation describes the typical lifecycle states of an article, such as Draft, In Review, and Published. It clarifies that an article must be in the "Published" state to be visible. The approval process typically moves an article from "Draft" to an intermediate state (like "Approved" or back to "Draft" if rejected), but the final transition to "Published" is a separate, deliberate action.