According to the Apply Cadence, Synchronize with Cross-Domain Planning article on the Scaled Agile

Framework website, cadence is the term that describes converting unpredictable events into

predictable ones. The article states that “Cadence is the rhythm, or heartbeat, of the Agile Release

Train (ART). It provides a steady and predictable pattern for planning, developing, and delivering

value. Cadence helps teams manage the variability inherent in product development. By converting

unpredictable events into predictable ones, cadence enables fast and reliable decision-making.”

Therefore, the correct answer is C, cadence. The other options are not accurate, as they are not the

terms that describe converting unpredictable events into predictable ones. Innovation and Planning

(IP) Iteration (A) is a special iteration that occurs at the end of every Program Increment (PI) and

provides an opportunity for innovation, planning, and system-level integration and testing. Program

Increment (PI) Planning (B) is a face-to-face event that serves as the heartbeat of the ART, aligning all

the teams on the ART to a shared mission and vision. Backlog refinement (D) is the process of

breaking down, estimating, and prioritizing the backlog items.