The ITIL Maturity Model, which is based on frameworks like CMMI, defines Level 1 (Initial) as the state where processes are disorganized, unpredictable, and reactive. In this stage, the Deployment Management process would be performed on an ad hoc basis, often chaotically. Success depends on individual effort and heroics rather than on stable, repeatable processes. There is little to no formal documentation, and outcomes are inconsistent, making it the lowest level of process maturity.

B. Level 2 (Repeatable) implies that basic project management processes are established, but they are not yet standardized across the organization.

C. Level 3 (Defined) indicates that processes are well-documented and standardized throughout the organization, moving beyond simple repeatability.

D. Level 4 (Managed) involves managing and controlling the process through data collection and quantitative analysis, indicating a high level of maturity.

1. AXELOS. (2018). ITIL Maturity Model and Self-assessment Service. Section 3.1, "The Maturity Levels," describes Level 1 as 'Initial', where processes are "ad hoc and occasionally even chaotic."

2. Humphrey, W. S. (1988). Characterizing the software process: a maturity framework. Carnegie-Mellon University Software Engineering Institute. (CMU/SEI-87-TR-11). This foundational document for CMMI, which heavily influenced the ITIL Maturity Model, defines Level 1 (Initial) as characterized by an ad hoc, even chaotic process.