The AI system lifecycle, as referenced in ISO/IEC 42001, follows a logical progression from conception to retirement. The correct sequence begins with defining what the system must do (Requirements & specification). This is followed by building the system (Design & development) and then ensuring it works as intended (Verification & validation). Afterwards, it is made available for use (Deployment), and finally, its performance is continuously tracked and maintained during use (Operation & monitoring). This structured approach is crucial for managing AI systems effectively.

A. This option incorrectly places Verification & validation before Design & development, which is logically impossible.

B. This option incorrectly places Operation & monitoring before Requirements finalization, which reverses the entire lifecycle logic.

D. This option incorrectly places Deployment before Verification & validation; a system must be verified before it is deployed for use.

1. ISO/IEC 42001:2023, "Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Management system," Annex A, Clause A.2.2, "AI system lifecycle." This clause explicitly outlines the phases of the AI system lifecycle, matching the sequence in option C.

2. Stanford University, CS221: Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques, Course Notes on AI Lifecycle. The courseware describes a similar phased approach from requirements and design through to deployment and maintenance for AI projects.