According to the official Pure Storage FlashArray//X R2 and R3 hardware documentation, the default factory configuration for a Fibre Channel-enabled FlashArray//XR20 model includes a 2-port 16Gb/32Gb FC Host Bus Adapter (HBA). This card is pre-installed in PCIe slot 2 on each controller. PCIe slot 0 is typically reserved for an optional 2-port Ethernet card used for asynchronous or synchronous replication, not for the primary host connectivity FC card.

A. 2-port in slot 0: This is incorrect because the default placement for the FC HBA is slot 2. Slot 0 is the default location for an optional replication Ethernet card.

C. 4-port in slot 0: This is incorrect due to both the port count and the slot placement. The default configuration uses a 2-port card in slot 2.

D. 4-port in slot 2: This is incorrect because the default factory configuration for an //XR20 model is a 2-port FC card, although 4-port cards are available as an option.

1. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). FlashArray//X R3 Installation and Upgrade Guide. Section: "PCIe Card Slot Numbering and Default Configurations", Table: "//X10R3, //X20R3, and //C40R3 Default Configurations". This table explicitly lists a "2-port 16Gb/32Gb FC HBA" in "Slot 2" for the //X20R3 model's default FC configuration.

2. Pure Storage, Inc. (2022). FlashArray//X R2 Installation and Upgrade Guide. Section: "PCIe Card Slot Numbering and Default Configurations", Table: "//X10R2 and //X20R2 Default Configurations". This document confirms the same default placement for the R2 generation, specifying a "2-port 16Gb FC HBA" in "Slot 2" for the //X20R2.

The physical installation of a Pure Storage FlashArray chassis begins by defining the bottom boundary of the allocated rack space. The installation rails are aligned with the bottom edge of the lowest designated Rack Unit (RU). To secure the rail correctly, a cage nut is installed in the lowest square hole of this lowest RU. This serves as the primary reference point for mounting the rail and ensuring the entire chassis is positioned accurately within the rack. While other cage nuts are installed, this is the foundational starting point.

B. Lowest square of top RU: This location is used for an upper attachment point on the rail, not the primary alignment point which is established at the bottom.

C. Top square of the lowest RU: This is a secondary attachment point for the rail bracket; the lowest square hole is the primary point for aligning the rail's bottom edge.

1. Pure Storage. (2023). FlashArray//X and FlashArray//C R4 Hardware Installation Guide. Document P/N 30-0353-04. Section: "Install the Rails", subsection "Install Cage Nuts". The diagrams (e.g., Figure 11) visually confirm that a cage nut is placed in the bottom-most hole of the lowest RU that the chassis will occupy.

2. Pure Storage. (2022). FlashArray//XR3 Installation and Upgrade Guide. Document P/N 30-0333-04. Section: "Install the Rails", subsection "Install Cage Nuts". The guide states, "For each of the four rack posts, install two cage nuts in the top and bottom square holes of the 3U space reserved for the chassis." This procedure explicitly includes installing a cage nut in the bottom square hole of the lowest RU.

The Pure Storage FlashArray//XL platform, which includes the //XL130 and //XL170 models, is engineered to support a maximum of four DirectFlash Shelves (DFS). This configuration allows for substantial capacity scaling beyond the main chassis. The system's architecture, including its NVMe-oF RoCE interconnects, is designed to maintain high performance and low latency even when fully expanded with the maximum number of shelves. This scalability is a key feature of the //XL line, targeting large-scale, mission-critical enterprise workloads.

A. 2: This is an incorrect limit. The FlashArray//XL platform is designed to scale beyond two shelves to meet higher capacity demands.

B. 3: This represents a valid, but not maximum, configuration. The system can support an additional shelf beyond this number.

1. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). FlashArray//XL Family Data Sheet. Page 2, "SPECIFICATIONS" table, row "Max Shelves". The value listed for both FlashArray//XL130 and FlashArray//XL170 is 4.

2. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). FlashArray//X and //XL Installation and Upgrade Guide. Document Purity//FA 6.x.x, Rev L. Section: "Cabling Diagrams for FlashArray//X and //XL", sub-section "Cabling a FlashArray//XL with Four Shelves". This section provides the official cabling diagram and procedure for the maximum supported configuration, confirming it is four shelves.

The hwconfig command is a hardware configuration utility used on a FlashArray controller before it has been configured and joined to an array. During a controller upgrade, after installing the new hardware, the engineer must log into its console to verify its specifications. The hwconfig --model command is the specific and direct command used to display the model of the new controller, which is a crucial verification step before proceeding with the puresetup replace procedure.

A. hwconfig --all: While this command provides comprehensive hardware details and would likely include the model, hwconfig --model is the more precise and targeted command for the specific task asked in the question.

C. purearray list --controller: This is a Purity CLI command that is run on an active, configured array to display information about its components. It cannot be run on a new, un-initialized controller.

1. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). FlashArray™ //X Installation and Upgrade Guide. In the section detailing controller upgrades, the procedure specifies logging into the new controller's console and using hwconfig to verify hardware. The guide states, "To determine the model of the new controller, run the hwconfig --model command." (Specific document version and page numbers vary, but this procedure is standard in the "Controller Upgrade" chapter).

2. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). Purity//FA Command Line Interface (CLI) Reference Guide. This guide details the purearray command set, showing its usage is for managing an operational array from a client or the active controller's CLI, not for querying an unconfigured hardware component. The hwconfig utility is described as a pre-initialization tool.

The standard, officially sanctioned procedure for bringing a new FlashArray to a desired PurityOS version is to first perform the initial configuration using the factory-installed software. This process establishes the array's identity, networking, and, most importantly, the remote support connection (Phone Home). Once the array is configured and connected, the Implementation Engineer should open a case with Pure Storage Support to perform the software upgrade. Pure Storage upgrades are a managed service performed by Support to ensure all prerequisites are met and the process is executed non-disruptively and successfully, which is critical for a major version jump (e.g., from 5.x to 6.x).

A. Create a bootable USB stick from the 6.1.21 ISO file and reimage both controllers with it.

Reimaging controllers is a destructive, low-level procedure. It is not the standard method for installation or upgrade and is typically reserved for specific break-fix scenarios under the direct guidance of Pure Storage Support.

B. Copy the PPKG and SHA1 files to a USB stick and upgrade the controllers.

This describes a manual upgrade process using a Purity Package (.ppkg) file. This type of non-disruptive upgrade (NDU) can only be initiated on an array that is already configured and operational, not on a new, unconfigured system.

1. Pure Storage FlashArray Best Practices Guide (TR-190304-01): "Purity upgrades are simple, non-disruptive, and are performed by Pure Storage Support at no additional charge to the customer... Once an upgrade is scheduled, Pure Storage Support will connect to the array remotely and perform the upgrade." This document establishes that the standard operational model is for Pure Support to handle upgrades.

2. Purity//FA Upgrade and Planning Guide: This official guide explicitly states, "Purity//FA upgrades are performed by Pure Storage Support and are designed to be non-disruptive." The guide details the process which involves customer request, scheduling, and remote execution by the Support team, reinforcing that self-upgrading, especially via reimaging, is not the standard procedure.

3. FlashArray //X Installation and Setup Guide: This guide details the initial setup process for a new array. The workflow involves racking, cabling, and running the initial configuration wizard on the pre-installed PurityOS version. It does not include instructions for performing a software upgrade or reimage before this initial configuration, indicating that configuration is the first step.

The valid transfer path for re-using iSCSI cards during a controller upgrade is from a FlashArray//X R2 to a FlashArray//X R3. The hardware architecture and form factor for specific PCIe-based iSCSI cards are compatible between these two generations. This allows for the migration of existing connectivity hardware, preserving port configuration and reducing costs during a non-disruptive upgrade (NDU). The M-series controllers use a different chassis and internal architecture, making their components incompatible with the later X-series (XR2/XR3) controllers.

B. M > XR2/3: M-series controllers and X-series controllers have fundamentally different hardware architectures and chassis designs. Their internal components, including iSCSI cards, are not interchangeable.

C. M > XR2: This is a specific instance of the incompatibility mentioned for option B. Cards from an M-series controller cannot be physically installed or used in an XR2 controller.

1. Pure Storage FlashArray™ //X R3 Upgrade Guide: In the section detailing the upgrade process from an //X R2 system, the guide explicitly lists which components can be transferred. It states, "The following components can be transferred from the existing //X R2 controllers to the new //X R3 controllers: ... 4-port 10/25GbE iSCSI/RoCE PCIe Card." This directly confirms the compatibility for the XR2 > XR3 path.

2. Pure Storage FlashArray™ Hardware Guide (for M-Series and X-Series): A comparison of the hardware guides for M-series (e.g., FA-M70) and X-series (e.g., FA-XR2) controllers reveals different physical dimensions, slot layouts, and component part numbers. The documentation for M-series upgrades to X-series involves a full chassis replacement, with no provision for transferring internal PCIe cards, confirming the M > X incompatibility.

3. Pure Storage Evergreen™ Storage Program Documentation: The principles of the Evergreen program detail how non-disruptive upgrades are performed. Documentation on "Upgrade Flex" bundles for moving between generations (e.g., //X R2 to //X R3) specifies the re-use of compatible components like certain HBAs, whereas upgrades from older platforms like the M-series require a full hardware refresh.

The initial setup of a new Pure Storage FlashArray begins with configuring the primary controller, which is designated as CT0. An administrator connects a laptop to the management or console port of CT0 to launch the setup wizard. This first step is crucial for establishing the array's identity, setting management IP addresses, and configuring network services like DNS and NTP. Once CT0 is configured, it facilitates the configuration of the secondary controller (CT1) and brings the array online.

B. CT1 configuration: CT1 is the secondary controller. Its configuration and integration into the cluster are managed after the primary controller, CT0, has been successfully set up.

C. Code upgrade: A Purity code upgrade can only be performed on an array that is already configured and operational. It is a post-installation or maintenance task, not the initial setup step.

1. Pure Storage FlashArray //X Installation and Upgrade Guide: In the "Initial Array Setup" section, the procedure explicitly directs the installer to connect their computer to the management port (MGMT0) or console port on controller CT0 to begin the configuration process. This confirms CT0 configuration is the first software-related step. (Document available via Pure Storage Support Portal, specific page numbers vary by version, but the section is consistently named "Initial Array Setup" or similar).

2. Pure Storage FlashArray: Purity//FA 6.4.x GUI Administration Guide: The guide's initial setup instructions (often in Chapter 2, "Getting Started") detail the process of accessing the Purity GUI for the first time. This access is established through the IP address configured on CT0 during the initial setup phase, reinforcing that CT0 configuration precedes all other management activities.

To configure a proxy server on a Pure Storage FlashArray for services like phone home or remote assistance, the system requires a complete proxy URL. The customer has only provided the host address ("10.24.18.120"). The standard URL format required by the Purity Operating Environment is protocol://host:port. Therefore, the protocol prefix (e.g., http:// or https://) and the specific port number are the essential additional pieces of information needed to construct a valid and functional proxy string. While credentials can be part of the URL, they are only necessary if the proxy server requires authentication and are not a universally mandatory component for the configuration itself.

A. Credentials and port number: Incorrect because proxy server credentials are not always required; many proxy environments do not mandate authentication for internal traffic.

B. Protocol prefix and credentials: Incorrect because it omits the port number, which is a fundamental and required component of the proxy address string.

1. Pure Storage Purity//FA CLI Command Reference Guide: The purearray phonehome command documentation specifies the format for the --proxy option.

Reference: Purity//FA CLI Command Reference, version 6.4, page 138.

Quote/Content: The guide defines the proxy string format as [protocol://][user:password@][:port]. This syntax explicitly shows that (provided), protocol:// (protocol prefix), and :port (port number) are the primary structural components, while [user:password@] (credentials) are optional.

2. Pure Storage FlashArray Installation and Upgrade Guide: This guide details the information that should be collected in the pre-installation worksheet, which includes proxy settings.

Reference: FlashArray //X & //C Installation and Upgrade Guide, Purity 6.x, "Worksheet for FlashArray Setup" section.

Content: The worksheet explicitly asks for the "Proxy Server URL," "Proxy Port," and separately, "Proxy Username" and "Proxy Password," reinforcing that the URL/port are distinct and mandatory fields, while credentials are conditional. This confirms that the protocol (as part of the URL) and port are the minimum required additions to the provided IP address.

SafeMode is a critical data protection feature designed to prevent accidental or malicious data deletion. To weaken its protections, such as reducing retention or eradication timers, Pure Storage enforces a multi-person control (MPC) security model. This process requires a request to be initiated by an administrator and then approved by two separate, pre-designated "SafeMode Admins" within the Pure1 management platform. Each approver must verify their identity using multi-factor authentication (MFA), also known as step-up authentication, ensuring that no single individual can compromise the snapshot protection policy. This workflow is managed exclusively through Pure1 to provide secure, out-of-band control.

A. This is incorrect. The process requires approval from two designated SafeMode Admins, not just a single Pure1 Admin, and the changes are not necessarily performed by Pure Support.

C. This is incorrect. SafeMode administration is intentionally managed through the cloud-based Pure1 platform, not local array accounts, to protect against a compromised local administrator.

1. Pure Storage Support Knowledge Base, "Purity//FA: SafeMode": This document outlines the functionality of SafeMode. In the section on administration, it details the requirement for multi-person approval for any action that reduces protection. It states, "To reduce the retention period or disable SafeMode, two users with the SafeMode Admin role must approve the change in Pure1. This multi-person approval process ensures that no single individual can compromise the data protection provided by SafeMode."

2. Pure Storage, "Pure1 User Guide," Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Section: This guide describes the different administrative roles available in Pure1, including the "SafeMode Admin" role. It specifies that this role is required to approve or deny pending SafeMode policy changes, and the platform enforces MFA for these critical security actions.

3. Pure Storage, "Ransomware Protection with Purity SafeMode," White Paper: This paper discusses the security principles behind SafeMode. It emphasizes the out-of-band management via Pure1 and the dual-control approval workflow as key architectural components to prevent unauthorized tampering, stating, "Changes that would weaken protection... require approval from multiple authorized users."

The FlashArray//XL chassis is engineered for high availability and is equipped with four Power Supply Units (PSUs). These are configured in a 2+2 redundancy scheme. This configuration means that the array requires two PSUs for normal operation, while the other two provide full redundancy. The system can sustain the failure of up to two PSUs without any operational impact, ensuring continuous availability of the storage array. This N+N redundancy model provides a higher level of protection compared to N+1 models.

A. 1+1: This describes a system with two total PSUs, where one is redundant. The FlashArray//XL has four PSUs.

C. 3+1: This describes a system with four total PSUs, where only one is redundant. The FlashArray//XL's 2+2 model provides redundancy for two PSU failures.

1. Pure Storage, Inc. (2022). FlashArray//XL Installation and Upgrade Guide. Document PURE-FA-XL-INSTALL-REV-A. Page 10, Table "Chassis Specifications", Row "Power Supplies". The document states: "Four 2200W power supplies, 2+2 redundant".

2. Pure Storage, Inc. (2023). FlashArray Hardware Guide. Section: "FlashArray//XL Chassis Specifications". The specifications table explicitly lists "Power Supplies: Four 2200W PSUs (2+2 redundant)".