According to the official ServiceNow Common Service Data Model (CSDM) framework, these CMDB objects map functionally as follows:

• Business Application: Resides in the Design and Planning domain as it is a logical, non-operational construct used primarily by Enterprise Architecture for planning.
• Business Process: Belongs to the Foundation domain since it acts as shared, referential base data that underpins other domains and aligns with Governance, Risk, and Compliance.
• Application Service: Fits into the Service Delivery domain (historically "Manage Technical Services") because it represents a deployed, operational technology stack actively managed via Incident and Change Management.
• Business Service: Falls under the Sell / Consume domain as it represents the portfolio of services actively offered to business users.

ServiceNow CSDM 5.0 White Paper: Section "CSDM Conceptual Model" (Details the transition of domain naming to Service Delivery and explicitly lists Business Process under the Foundation domain).

ServiceNow Product Documentation (Washington DC Release): Article "Common Service Data Model — conceptual model" (Defines Design, Foundation, and Sell/Consume domain Configuration Item placements).

ServiceNow CSDM 4.0 White Paper: Pages 6–11 (Explicitly maps Business Application to the Design domain, Application Service to operational technical delivery, and Business Service to Sell/Consume).