Microsoft Azure REST API Guidelines. The "Asynchronous operations" section describes this exact pattern. It states that for long-running operations, the service should return an HTTP 202 Accepted status code. The response must include an Operation-Location header, which points to the URL for retrieving the operation's status and eventual result. (See Azure Documentation: REST API Guidelines, Asynchronous operations).
IETF RFC 7231, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content, Section 6.3.3. This document defines the 202 Accepted status code, stating: "The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed... Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a request for some other process... without requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist until the process is completed."
Azure AI Vision API Documentation. The Read API, which performs optical character recognition (OCR), is a concrete example of this asynchronous pattern. The initial request returns a 202 Accepted with an Operation-Location URL, which the client then polls using a GET request to retrieve the results. (See Azure AI Vision Documentation: Call the Read API).