In the context of Wide Area Networks (WANs), the key objective is to connect geographically

separated networks using service provider infrastructure. The FLDTEC course emphasizes that WAN

environments typically involve devices that can handle different physical transmission mediums and

protocols.

Modems:

Modulate and demodulate analog signals to digital signals.

Used in WAN environments to connect over analog lines like DSL or leased lines.

Essential for interfacing between digital routers and analog telephone networks.

Optical Fiber Converters:

Also known as media converters, they are used to convert electrical signals to optical signals (and

vice versa) for fiber transmission.

Common in WAN scenarios where long-distance high-speed transmission over fiber is required.

Incorrect Options:

A . Hubs: Obsolete Layer 1 devices used in LANs, not suitable for WANs.

D . Network Interface Cards (NICs): Used in end devices for LAN connectivity.

E . Wireless Access Points: Typically used in WLANs within local premises, not WAN infrastructure.

This aligns with Cisco’s WAN architecture fundamentals as highlighted in FLDTEC under “Cisco

Equipment and Related Hardware.”