1. Scopism Limited. (2020). Service Integration and Management (SIAM™) Foundation Body of Knowledge (2nd ed.).
Section 2.3, "SIAM layers" (p. 16): This section explicitly defines the three layers in a SIAM ecosystem: the customer organization, the service integrator, and the service providers.
Section 2.3.2, "The Service Integrator" (p. 17): This section details the role: "The service integrator’s accountability is a key element of a SIAM model... The service integrator provides governance, management, integration, assurance, and coordination." This directly supports the concept of an orchestrating layer.
2. Fielt, E., & Gacenga, F. (2017). A framework for service integration and management. In Proceedings of the 28th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS).
Section 3.2, "SIAM Framework" (p. 3): The paper describes the SIAM model and states, "The service integrator is the single point of coordination for all suppliers and is accountable for the end-to-end delivery of services." This reinforces the integrator's central role in coordination and harmonization.