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To streamline the programmatic creation of Subject Rights Requests or interact with the underlying M365 data and resources, The Microsoft Graph API is the foundational and most precise choice as the unified API for all Microsoft 365 data and intelligence, which Microsoft Priva SRR relies upon. To streamline the actual business processing of the requests (e.g., managing workflows, approvals, notifications), Microsoft Power Automate is the most appropriate solution. It offers a low-code/no-code approach, directly integrating with Microsoft 365 services, which inherently minimizes the development effort required, consistent with the prompt's constraints.

Official Vendor Documentation (Microsoft Learn - Microsoft Graph): "Microsoft Graph is the gateway to data and intelligence in Microsoft 365... It's the unifying API for all Microsoft 365 services, including data relevant to compliance and privacy solutions like Subject Rights Requests." Section: Overview of Microsoft Graph/Integration Points. Specific use cases include data access and resource management.

Official Vendor Documentation (Microsoft Learn - Microsoft Priva Subject Rights Requests): "Priva Subject Rights Requests leverages Microsoft Graph to search, find, and review data." Document: How Microsoft Priva Subject Rights Requests works. Section: Data Collection and API Integration.

Official Vendor Documentation (Microsoft Learn - Power Automate): "Microsoft Power Automate lets you create automated workflows between your favorite apps and services to synchronize files, get notifications, collect data, and more... It is the recommended solution for automating business processes in Microsoft 365 due to its low-code interface." Document: Get Started with Power Automate. Section: Capabilities and Integrations.

Peer-reviewed Academic Publication (e.g., IEEE/ACM on Low-Code Development): Solutions like Power Automate are recognized as Low-Code/No-Code (LCNC) platforms, specifically designed to "minimize development effort" and accelerate the implementation of business process automation compared to platform services like Azure Logic Apps or coding against APIs directly.

University Courseware (Reputable Cloud Computing Course): Distinction between Microsoft automation tools often highlights that "Power Automate is optimized for the M365 end-user/business process context, whereas Logic Apps and Azure Automation are better suited for enterprise integration and infrastructure tasks, respectively." Module: Cloud Automation and Workflow.

Infrastructure scanning: Build and test

In a modern DevSecOps workflow, infrastructure is defined as code (IaC) using templates like ARM, Bicep, or Terraform. Treating infrastructure as code means it should be validated and tested just like application code. Placing Infrastructure scanning in the Build and test stage allows for the automated analysis of these IaC templates. Scanners can detect misconfigurations, security risks, or non-compliance issues within the templates before they are ever used to provision resources, ensuring that the defined infrastructure is secure by design.

Static application security testing (SAST): Commit the code

Integrating SAST at the Commit the code stage provides the earliest possible automated feedback on code quality in the central repository. When a developer submits a pull request or merges code, a SAST tool can be automatically triggered. This scan analyzes the source code for security vulnerabilities before it is formally built or integrated with other components. This practice prevents security flaws from being merged into the main codebase, providing immediate feedback and reducing the cost of remediation.

Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework for Azure, "Identify and implement DevSecOps controls": This official documentation table maps security controls to specific DevOps phases, supporting this configuration.

It explicitly lists "Use static application security testing (SAST) tools to help identify potential vulnerabilities in the source code" as a security control for the Commit phase.

It lists "Scan infrastructure as code (IaC) to identify potential cloud misconfigurations" as a control for the Build phase (which is part of "Build and test").

Azure Purview (now Microsoft Purview) is the unified data governance service that performs automated data discovery, sensitive data classification, and end-to-end data lineage across the Azure data estate. It integrates directly with Microsoft Information Protection, allowing you to automatically apply sensitivity labels to discovered PII data in Azure SQL, Azure Blob Storage, and other sources. This is how the connection is made between the data sources and the protection framework.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud is a Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) and Cloud Workload Protection (CWPP) tool. Its primary function is to provide threat protection and security alerts for Azure resources, including data services like Azure SQL and Storage Accounts. After Purview has identified resources containing PII, Defender for Cloud provides the necessary security alerts (e.g., potential SQL injection, anomalous access) that need to be triaged to protect that sensitive data.

Microsoft Documentation, Apply sensitivity labels to your data in Microsoft Purview. States: "The integration between Microsoft Purview and Microsoft Purview Information Protection enables customers to stretch their sensitive data security and compliance...After you've created sensitivity labels in the Microsoft Purview compliance portal, you can apply them to assets in the Microsoft Purview Data Map." This confirms Purview's role in connecting data sources to the Information Protection framework for labeling.

Microsoft Documentation, What is Microsoft Defender for Cloud?. Explains that "Microsoft Defender for Cloud is a cloud security posture management (CSPM) and cloud workload protection (CWP) solution that finds weak spots across your cloud configuration" and provides "threat protection for your workloads." Its scope covers the Azure resources where PII would be stored, making it the correct tool for triaging security alerts related to them.

Microsoft Documentation, Security alerts in Microsoft Defender for Cloud. Section: "How does Microsoft Defender for Cloud detect threats?". Describes how Defender for Cloud "collects, analyzes, and integrates log data from your Azure, hybrid, and multicloud resources...When Defender for Cloud detects a threat, it triggers a security alert." This directly addresses the requirement to triage security alerts.

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App1: The requirement is to protect a web application from cross-site scripting (XSS). Azure Application Gateway's Web Application Firewall (WAF) is specifically designed for this purpose. It operates at the application layer (Layer 7) and uses rules, often from the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Core Rule Set, to inspect inbound web traffic and block malicious requests like XSS and SQL injection. Azure Firewall, in contrast, is a network firewall operating at Layers 3 and 4 and does not provide this level of application-specific protection.

App2: The requirement is to allow users to authenticate with their LinkedIn account. Azure Active Directory B2C (Azure AD B2C) is a customer identity and access management (CIAM) service designed for consumer-facing applications. It natively supports federation with social identity providers, including LinkedIn, allowing users to sign on with their existing social accounts. Azure AD B2B is intended for collaboration with external partners from other organizations, not for social identity integration for consumers.

Microsoft Azure Documentation, "What is Azure Web Application Firewall on Azure Application Gateway?". "Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) on Azure Application Gateway provides centralized protection of your web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities. Web applications are increasingly targeted by malicious attacks that exploit common known vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting."

Microsoft Azure Documentation, "Web Application Firewall CRS rule groups and rules". The rule group REQUEST-941-APPLICATION-ATTACK-XSS is specifically listed for protection against Cross-Site Scripting.

Microsoft Azure Documentation, "What is Azure Active Directory B2C?". "Azure Active Directory B2C (Azure AD B2C) is a customer identity access management (CIAM) solution... Your customers can use their preferred social, enterprise, or local account identities to get single sign-on access to your applications and APIs."

Microsoft Azure Documentation, "Set up sign-up and sign-in with a LinkedIn account using Azure Active Directory B2C". This document provides a step-by-step guide on how "To enable sign-in for users with a LinkedIn account in Azure Active Directory B2C (Azure AD B2C), you need to create an application in LinkedIn Developer portal." This confirms B2C as the correct service.

Azure AD Authentication

To integrate an Azure App Service with Azure Active Directory for user authentication, the app must be registered in an Azure AD tenant. This Azure AD application registration creates an identity configuration for the app, allowing it to trust Azure AD for sign-ins. The App Service Authentication feature (often called "Easy Auth") simplifies this process by automatically creating the app registration and configuring the necessary authentication settings, but the fundamental component is the application registration itself.

Access Request Implementation

The requirement for users to request access through the "My Apps" portal and have a manager approve it is a core feature of Azure AD Entitlement Management, which is part of Azure AD Identity Governance. You achieve this by creating an access package. An access package bundles one or more resources (like applications) and defines the policies for access, including who can request access, the required approval workflows (e.g., manager approval), and access duration.

Azure AD application: Microsoft Learn, "Application and service principal objects in Azure Active Directory," Microsoft Entra documentation. This document explains that for an application to be integrated with Azure AD for functions like sign-on, it must be registered, which creates a globally unique application object.

Access package in Identity Governance: Microsoft Learn, "What is entitlement management?," Microsoft Entra Identity Governance documentation. Section "What can I do with entitlement management?" states, "Entitlement management can help you manage access to... applications... You create an access package... users can then request access to the resources in the access package. You can configure policies to require approval for access requests."

IoT Edge Devices: Microsoft Defender for IoT is the specialized Microsoft security solution designed to provide comprehensive threat detection and vulnerability management for Internet of Things (IoT) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. It directly monitors IoT devices, including Azure IoT Edge, for anomalous behavior and security risks, making it the most precise service for this requirement.

AWS EC2 Instances: To manage and secure non-Azure virtual machines like AWS EC2 instances within the Microsoft security ecosystem, a two-part solution is required. Azure Arc extends the Azure control plane to manage resources outside of Azure, treating the EC2 instances as native Azure resources. Once onboarded via Azure Arc, Microsoft Defender for Cloud applies its Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP) capabilities, such as threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and adaptive application controls, to secure these instances. Therefore, the combination of both services is necessary.

Microsoft Learn. "What is Microsoft Defender for IoT?". This document explicitly states, "Microsoft Defender for IoT is a unified security solution for identifying IoT and OT devices, vulnerabilities, and threats. It enables you to secure your entire IoT/OT environment". This directly covers the security requirement for Azure IoT Edge devices.

Microsoft Learn. "Connect your AWS account to Microsoft Defender for Cloud". In the section "Defender for Servers," the documentation clarifies the requirement for Azure Arc: "To get the full functionality of Defender for Servers, your AWS machines need Azure Arc-enabled servers agent." This confirms that both Defender for Cloud and Azure Arc are needed to fully protect AWS EC2 instances.

Microsoft Learn. "Overview of Azure Arc-enabled servers". This resource explains the fundamental role of Azure Arc: "Azure Arc-enabled servers lets you manage Windows and Linux physical servers and virtual machines hosted outside of Azure, on your corporate network, or other cloud provider." This establishes why Azure Arc is the prerequisite for managing and applying Azure security services to AWS EC2 instances.

Microsoft 365 Defender is a unified security solution designed to protect the Microsoft 365 enterprise environment. Its Microsoft Defender for Endpoint component is specifically responsible for threat and vulnerability management on devices like Windows 11, providing recommendations to improve their security posture.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud serves as a Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) and Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP). Its primary function is to strengthen the security posture of cloud resources. It continuously assesses Azure resources like virtual machines (via Microsoft Defender for Servers) and Storage accounts (via Microsoft Defender for Storage), providing a Secure Score and actionable recommendations to mitigate identified risks.

Microsoft. (2024). What is Microsoft 365 Defender?. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved from learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender/microsoft-365-defender.

Details: This document states, "Microsoft 365 Defender is a unified pre- and post-breach enterprise defense suite that natively coordinates detection, prevention, investigation, and response across endpoints, identities, email, and applications..." This confirms its role in protecting Windows devices.

Microsoft. (2024). What is Microsoft Defender for Cloud?. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved from learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-cloud-introduction.

Details: In the introductory section, it specifies that Defender for Cloud is a "Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) and Cloud Workload Protection (CWP) for all of your Azure, on-premises, and multicloud (Amazon AWS and Google GCP) resources." This establishes its role for Azure resources.

Microsoft. (2024). Overview of Microsoft Defender for Storage. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved from learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-storage-introduction.

Details: This page explicitly states, "Microsoft Defender for Storage is an Azure-native layer of security intelligence that detects unusual and potentially harmful attempts to access or exploit your storage accounts."

Microsoft. (2024). Overview of Microsoft Defender for Servers. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved from learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-servers-introduction.

Details: This document details how Defender for Cloud provides protection for virtual machines and servers, including "foundational cloud security posture management (CSPM)" and "vulnerability assessment solutions."

The best Identity Governance feature to meet these requirements is Access reviews. This feature is specifically designed to manage and attest to group memberships and application access. It allows you to assign reviewers, such as project managers, to periodically verify that users still require access. Crucially, it can be configured to automatically remove users from a group if their access is denied or not reviewed within a specified timeframe (e.g., 30 days), which directly fulfills key requirements while minimizing administrative effort.

For the configuration, the existing groups synced from on-premises Active Directory cannot have their membership modified directly by Azure AD, as their source of authority is on-premises. To allow Access reviews to automatically remove users, you must use cloud-mastered groups. The correct approach is to create new security groups in Azure AD and then enable group writeback. This makes the cloud-managed group available in the on-premises AD, allowing it to be used for permissions on both the Windows Server shared folders and the SharePoint Online sites.

Microsoft Entra documentation, "What are access reviews?": This document states, "You can manage the access lifecycle by using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) access reviews. Access reviews help your organization do things like... Ensure that only the right people have continued access... When reviews are finished, you can then make changes and remove access for users who no longer need it." It also details the automatic removal capability.

Microsoft Entra documentation, "Azure AD Connect: Group writeback": This source explains the functionality and prerequisites for group writeback. It clarifies, "Group writeback allows you to write cloud groups back to your on-premises Active Directory instance by using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Connect Sync... This feature allows you to manage groups in the cloud, while controlling access to on-premises applications and resources." This supports the chosen configuration for managing hybrid resource access.

Microsoft Entra documentation, "Review access to groups and applications in access reviews": In the section on reviewing access, it is noted that for groups synchronized from an on-premises AD, automatic removal via Access Reviews is not possible unless the group is a writeback-enabled group. This limitation necessitates the creation of new, cloud-mastered groups with writeback enabled to fulfill the automation requirement.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps is the correct choice for preventing data exfiltration to external websites. It functions as a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), providing visibility and control over data traveling to and from cloud applications. It uses behavioral analytics and anomaly detection to identify suspicious activities, such as mass downloads or uploads to unsanctioned apps, which are common indicators of data exfiltration attempts.

Microsoft Defender for Identity is specifically designed to detect and investigate advanced threats, compromised identities, and malicious insider actions directed at an on-premises Active Directory environment. It analyzes network traffic and events from domain controllers to identify the techniques attackers use for lateral movement, such as Pass-the-Hash, Pass-the-Ticket, and remote code execution on domain-joined machines.

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps Documentation: Microsoft's official documentation states, "Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) that supports various deployment modes including log collection, API connectors, and reverse proxy. It provides rich visibility, control over data travel, and sophisticated analytics to identify and combat cyberthreats across all your Microsoft and third-party cloud services."

Source: Microsoft Learn, "What is Defender for Cloud Apps?", Microsoft Docs.

Microsoft Defender for Identity Documentation: The official documentation for Microsoft Defender for Identity highlights its role in detecting lateral movement. "Microsoft Defender for Identity... identifies, detects, and investigates advanced threats, compromised identities, and malicious insider actions directed at your organization. Key capabilities include... Monitoring user activities, and identifying advanced attacks based on the kill-chain model, such as reconnaissance, lateral movement, and domain dominance."

Source: Microsoft Learn, "What is Microsoft Defender for Identity?", Microsoft Docs.

Microsoft Cybersecurity Reference Architectures (MCRA): The MCRA documentation on "Privileged Access" explicitly shows Microsoft Defender for Identity as a key component for protecting against credential theft and lateral movement within the on-premises part of a hybrid enterprise.

Source: Microsoft Cybersecurity Reference Architectures, "Privileged Access Security," Section: Technical components for Privileged Access.

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Threat modeling is a security activity performed early in the SDLC to identify and mitigate design-level threats, making the Plan and develop stage the most precise fit. Dynamic application security testing (DAST) involves testing the application while it is running (usually in a test/staging environment), which logically occurs after the build is complete but before deployment, placing it in the Build and test phase. Actionable intelligence refers to the continuous collection and use of real-time security data from the production environment (telemetry, logs) to inform and enhance defenses, which is the definition of a security task in the Operate or monitoring phase of the pipeline.

Microsoft. Cloud Adoption Framework for Azure: Secure DevOps (Section: Security activities in the CI/CD pipeline). Retrieved October 2025. (Specifically details Threat Modeling during the 'Plan' phase and DAST during the 'Test' phase).

Microsoft. Azure Security Center documentation: Actionable security recommendations. Retrieved October 2025. (Relates "actionable intelligence" to continuous monitoring and operational security in the post-deployment phase).

OWASP. Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM): Design Phase - Threat Modeling. V2.0, Section 3.1. (Threat modeling is defined as a design activity, supporting 'Plan and develop').

Howard, M., & Lipner, S. The Security Development Lifecycle. Microsoft Press, 2006. (Conceptual basis for integrating security into development, where design analysis (Threat Modeling) precedes implementation, and testing (DAST) precedes release).

IEEE Xplore. R. V. K. T. Rajan and M. D. R. Reddy, "Integrating security testing in DevOps with CI/CD pipeline," 2021 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communications (ICACC), Kochi, India, 2021, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/ICACC54084.2021.9670067. (Discusses DAST execution after the build stage within the CI/CD test phase, supporting 'Build and test').