The best option for training an ML model on a large dataset, using a TPU to accelerate the training

process, and discovering that the TPU is not reaching its full capacity, is to increase the batch size.

This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of TPUs to train your model faster and

more efficiently. A TPU is a custom-developed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that can

accelerate machine learning workloads. A TPU can provide high performance and scalability for

various types of models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, matrix

factorization, and deep neural networks. A TPU can also support various tools and frameworks, such

as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and JAX. A batch size is a parameter that specifies the number of training

examples in one forward/backward pass. A batch size can affect the speed and accuracy of the

training process. A larger batch size can help you utilize the parallel processing power of the TPU, and

reduce the communication overhead between the TPU and the host CPU. A larger batch size can also

help you avoid overfitting, as it can reduce the variance of the gradient updates. By increasing the

batch size, you can train your model on a large dataset faster and more efficiently, and make full use

of the TPU capacity1.

The other options are not as good as option D, for the following reasons:

Option A: Increasing the learning rate would not help you utilize the parallel processing power of the

TPU, and could cause errors or poor performance. A learning rate is a parameter that controls how

much the model is updated in each iteration. A learning rate can affect the speed and accuracy of the

training process. A larger learning rate can help you converge faster, but it can also cause instability,

divergence, or oscillation. By increasing the learning rate, you may not be able to find the optimal

solution, and your model may perform poorly on the validation or test data2.

Option B: Increasing the number of epochs would not help you utilize the parallel processing power

of the TPU, and could increase the complexity and cost of the training process. An epoch is a measure

of the number of times all of the training examples are used once in the training process. An epoch

can affect the speed and accuracy of the training process. A larger number of epochs can help you

learn more from the data, but it can also cause overfitting, underfitting, or diminishing returns. By

increasing the number of epochs, you may not be able to improve the model performance

significantly, and your training process may take longer and consume more resources3.

Option C: Decreasing the learning rate would not help you utilize the parallel processing power of the

TPU, and could slow down the training process. A learning rate is a parameter that controls how

much the model is updated in each iteration. A learning rate can affect the speed and accuracy of the

training process. A smaller learning rate can help you find a more precise solution, but it can also

cause slow convergence or local minima. By decreasing the learning rate, you may not be able to

reach the optimal solution in a reasonable time, and your training process may take longer2.

Reference:

Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer, Course 2: ML Models and

Architectures, Week 1: Introduction to ML Models and Architectures

Google Cloud Professional Machine Learning Engineer Exam Guide, Section 2: Architecting ML

solutions, 2.1 Designing ML models

Official Google Cloud Certified Professional Machine Learning Engineer Study Guide, Chapter 4: ML

Models and Architectures, Section 4.1: Designing ML Models

Use TPUs

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