In program management, stakeholders are individuals, groups, or organizations that may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of the program. They are classified based on their attitude and potential impact. The wildlife protection organization actively opposes the program's objectives due to the negative environmental impact. Therefore, it is correctly defined as a negative stakeholder, as its interests are in conflict with the program's goals, and it may actively work against the program's success.

B. Positive stakeholder: This term describes a stakeholder who supports the program and its objectives, which is the opposite of the organization's position.

C. Key stakeholder: While this organization might be a key stakeholder due to its influence, "negative stakeholder" is more specific to its opposing stance described in the scenario.

D. Hurdle stakeholder: This is not a standard term used in the PMI lexicon for program management; it is an invalid and distracting option.

1. Project Management Institute. (2017). The Standard for Program Management (4th ed.). Section 5.3.2

Stakeholder Identification

p. 59. "Stakeholders may be positive (supporters of the program) or negative (resistors of the program)."

2. Project Management Institute. (2017). The Standard for Program Management (4th ed.). Section 5.4.2

Stakeholder Analysis

p. 62. "Stakeholder analysis is used to...understand their perspectives (positive

negative

or neutral) toward the program."

3. Project Management Institute. (2017). The Standard for Program Management (4th ed.). Figure 5-4

Example of a Stakeholder Register

p. 60. The example register includes a column for "Attitude (Positive/Negative/Neutral)

" confirming this is a standard classification method.