The first nursing intervention for a patient with bacterial meningitis who develops a high-grade fever

and nasal discharge is to follow infection precautions. This is crucial to prevent the spread of the

infection to others. Bacterial meningitis is highly contagious, and infection control measures such as

isolation and wearing protective gear should be implemented immediately upon diagnosis and

continued for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotic treatment.

Reference:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). Bacterial Meningitis. Retrieved from CDC

website.

Post Renal Transplant Care:

Patients who undergo renal transplants are prescribed immunosuppressive medications like

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) to prevent organ rejection.

Risk Factors for Septic Shock:

Age: Older adults have a higher risk of infections, but age alone is not the primary factor for septic

shock in this context.

Multiple Surgeries: Increase the risk of infection but not as significant as immunosuppression.

Immunosuppression: The primary risk factor as it weakens the immune system, making the patient

highly susceptible to infections leading to septic shock.

History of Medication Sensitivity: Important but less relevant to septic shock risk.

Reference:

National Institutes of Health (NIH) on post-transplant care

Mayo Clinic on Septic Shock

During the planning phase, a healthcare organization defines its mission, which states its purpose

and fundamental aims to achieve in the long term. The mission statement outlines the organization’s

core purpose, target population, and primary objectives. It provides direction and guides decision-

making and strategic planning. Vision, on the other hand, describes what the organization aspires to

become in the future. Strategy refers to the specific actions and plans to achieve the mission and

vision, while values are the principles and beliefs that guide the organization's behavior.

A perforated appendix is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention to prevent

complications such as peritonitis and sepsis. Therefore, an appendectomy in this context is classified

as an emergent procedure. Emergent surgeries are those that need to be performed without delay to

preserve the patient's life or health.

Reference:

Smeltzer,

S. C., Bare,

B. G., Hinkle,

J. L., & Cheever,

K. H. (2010). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of

Medical-Surgical Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing (OEHN):

OEHN focuses on health and safety in the workplace, aiming to prevent work-related injuries and

illnesses and promote overall worker health.

Goals of OEHN:

Keep Workers Productive: Ensuring employees are healthy to maintain productivity.

Manage Minor Workplace Injuries: Providing immediate care for minor injuries.

Promote Health for Workers: Specific to workplace health, not the entire population.

Develop Disease Prevention Programs: Creating programs to prevent workplace illnesses.

Reference:

American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines

When teaching nursing students about the recommended diet for a patient with a myocardial

infarction, it's crucial to emphasize a diet low in fat and cholesterol. This helps in reducing the risk of

further cardiovascular complications.

Low Fat and Cholesterol: Foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol are recommended to prevent the

build-up of plaque in the arteries and reduce the risk of another heart attack.

Avoiding Red Meat: High intake of red meat is discouraged because it is often high in saturated fat

and cholesterol.

Dark Chocolate Intake: While some dark chocolate in moderation can have health benefits due to its

antioxidant properties, the emphasis should be on a balanced diet.

Protein and Carbohydrates: Protein is essential for recovery, but the focus should be on lean sources.

Carbohydrates should come from whole grains and other healthy sources rather than simple sugars.

Reference:

American Heart Association (AHA): Dietary Recommendations for Cardiovascular Health

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Heart-Healthy Eating

The initial supportive measure for parents who have just received a diagnosis of cerebral palsy for

their child should be direct counseling. This involves providing clear, compassionate, and thorough

information about the diagnosis, addressing their immediate concerns, and helping them understand

what cerebral palsy means for their child's future. This step is crucial to help reduce their anxiety and

tension. Encouraging reading, support groups, and home adjustments are important but secondary

steps after initial counseling.

In this scenario, the nurse is assuming the role of an advocate. Advocacy involves acting on behalf of

patients to ensure they receive the necessary services and support. This includes communicating

with authorities to improve access to healthcare services, especially in underserved areas like rural

communities. By addressing barriers and promoting patients' needs, the nurse helps to ensure

equitable access to care and resources.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest level of evidence in research because

they reduce bias and provide the most reliable results. When conducting a systematic review to

identify best practice evidence for hemodialysis in patients with anemia, RCTs should be prioritized.

These studies provide strong evidence on the efficacy of interventions. Case-control studies, non-

experimental studies, and quasi-experimental studies provide valuable information but are

considered lower levels of evidence compared to RCTs.

Diabetes Self-Management Education:

Effective education methods are essential to ensure patients understand and can manage their

condition independently.

Educational Methods:

Audiovisual Method: Good for initial learning but not the best for confirming understanding.

Teach Back Method: The most effective method where the patient repeats back the information,

ensuring they understand and can perform tasks correctly.

Focus Group and Group Discussion: Useful for sharing experiences but less effective for individual

skill assessment.

Reference:

American Diabetes Association (ADA) on Diabetes Education

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Health Literacy