A . Manual Polling: This is when an administrator or network operator initiates a poll manually to

gather information or check the status of the network devices. This can be done for immediate

troubleshooting or assessment.

B . Scheduled Poll Timings: Network management systems often have the capability to schedule

regular polls of devices to check their status or monitor their performance. These scheduled polls can

be set at regular intervals (such as every few minutes, hours, or daily) depending on the

requirements of the network.

E . Linkup and Linkdown Traps: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) traps, like Linkup and

Linkdown, are automated notifications sent from network devices to a management system. A

Linkup trap indicates that a particular interface has become active (up), while a Linkdown trap

indicates that an interface has become inactive (down). These traps can trigger Layer 2 polling to

ascertain the current status of network interfaces and devices.