Palo Alto Networks IoT Security identifies and classifies devices by using a patented three-tier machine learning process that analyzes network traffic. This process extracts key device attributes to build a detailed profile for Device-ID. The most fundamental attributes used for this fingerprinting are the device's unique MAC address, the device manufacturer (often derived from the MAC's Organizationally Unique Identifier or OUI), and the operating system, which is inferred by analyzing protocol behavior and other traffic characteristics. This combination provides a reliable foundation for accurate device identification and subsequent policy enforcement.

A: This option is less precise. IP addresses are not stable identifiers, and "device type" is the result of the classification process, not a primary input attribute.

C: While hostname and application usage are analyzed, they are not as foundational as the attributes in option B. Hostnames can be missing, and encryption method is too specific.

D: Device model and firmware version are details that IoT Security discovers as part of its deep inspection. Critically, IoT Security does not access user credentials for identification.

1. Palo Alto Networks

PAN-OS® Administrator’s Guide 10.2

"Device-ID Overview" section. This guide explains that Device-ID collects device information such as device type

vendor (manufacturer)

model

and operating system from network traffic. It explicitly mentions using the MAC address and information from protocols like DHCP and HTTP to identify the device.

2. Palo Alto Networks

IoT Security Datasheet

"How It Works" section. The datasheet describes the discovery process: "IoT Security combines machine learning with our App-ID™ technology to deliver highly accurate device discovery... It analyzes network traffic and uses a multi-tiered machine learning approach to quickly and accurately discover every IoT device..." This confirms the use of traffic analysis to determine device characteristics.

3. Palo Alto Networks

IoT Security Administrator's Guide

"Device Discovery and Inventory" section. This document details that the service uses passive monitoring and traffic analysis to collect attributes

including MAC address

IP address

operating system

device type

model

and manufacturer

to build a comprehensive device inventory. This supports that MAC

manufacturer

and OS are core collected attributes.