Adalat is a brand name for the drug nifedipine. Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used primarily for the management of hypertension and chronic stable angina. It works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells, leading to peripheral and coronary artery vasodilation. This vasodilation reduces peripheral resistance, lowers blood pressure, and increases coronary blood flow, thereby alleviating angina symptoms. The most common formulation is an extended-release tablet, such as Adalat CC.

B. Adalimumab is the active ingredient in Humira, a biologic medication used to treat various autoimmune diseases.

C. Digoxin is the active ingredient in Lanoxin, a cardiac glycoside used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

D. Simvastatin is the active ingredient in Zocor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol levels.

1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). ADALAT CC (nifedipine) extended-release tablets

for oral use. Prescribing Information. Application No. N019955. Section 11: DESCRIPTION. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfdadocs/label/2019/019955s064lbl.pdf

2. Whalen

K.

Finkel

R.

& Panavelil

T. A. (2018). Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology (7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Chapter 21: Calcium Channel Blockers

p. 275. (This text is standard courseware in many university pharmacy programs).

3. Katzung

B. G.

& Vanderah

T. W. (2021). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 12: Vasodilators & the Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Table 12-1. (This is a foundational textbook in pharmacology curricula at reputable universities).