Operating and running costs refer to the ongoing, recurring expenditures required to keep a system functional after it has been implemented. Options A, B, and C are all valid inputs for estimating these operational costs. Using data from similar implementations (analogous estimating), assessing the cost of required specialist skills, and estimating staffing levels are standard techniques for forecasting future operational expenditure (Opex).

Conversely, the expenditure on Management of Value (MoV) studies is a one-time cost incurred during the project's initiation and planning phase. It is part of the initial investment or capital expenditure (Capex) used to justify and shape the project, not a recurring cost of running the final system.

A. The operating costs of a similar IT implementation is a valid analogous estimation technique used to forecast future running costs.

B. The current daily rate of specialist skills is a direct and necessary input for calculating the ongoing personnel costs of operating the system.

C. An estimate of how many staff would be required is fundamental to calculating the total labor component of the system's running costs.

1. Management of Value (MoV) Guide. The Stationery Office (TSO), 2010. Section 4.4.3, "Investment appraisal," discusses Whole-Life Costing. This concept distinguishes between initial capital costs (which would include the cost of appraisal studies like MoV) and subsequent operating and maintenance costs. The cost of the study itself is not part of the system's operational budget.

2. Management of Value (MoV) Guide. The Stationery Office (TSO), 2010. Appendix C, "Techniques – Whole-life costing," explicitly breaks down costs into categories: initial capital investment, operating costs, and disposal costs. The expenditure on a pre-project study falls under the initial capital investment, not the operating costs.

3. MIT OpenCourseWare. 16.852J Integrating the Lean Enterprise, Fall 2005. Lecture 10, "Life Cycle Cost Analysis." This courseware explains that life cycle costs are composed of distinct phases, including research & development, production/acquisition, and operation & support. The cost of a value study (like MoV) belongs to the initial R&D or acquisition phase, while operating costs are part of the subsequent operational phase.