The most efficient solution with the least operational overhead is to use Amazon Macie for identification and AWS Lambda for removal. Amazon Macie is a fully managed data security service specifically designed to discover sensitive data in Amazon S3 using machine learning and pattern matching. This eliminates the need to build and maintain custom identification logic. Macie can publish its findings to Amazon EventBridge, which can then automatically trigger an AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function, being serverless, executes the code to remove or redact the sensitive data without requiring server management, thus minimizing operational overhead.

A: Creating custom Lambda functions to identify sensitive data requires significant development and maintenance effort, which is higher operational overhead compared to using the managed Amazon Macie service.

B: This solution involves custom code within an AWS Batch job and managing an ECS cluster, which introduces more operational complexity and overhead than the serverless Macie and Lambda approach.

D: While Amazon Comprehend can detect PII, Macie is purpose-built for scalable sensitive data discovery in S3. More importantly, using EC2 instances for removal incurs high operational overhead for management, patching, and scaling.

1. Amazon Macie: "Amazon Macie is a data security service that discovers sensitive data by using machine learning and pattern matching... With Macie

you can automate the discovery of sensitive data at scale and lower the cost of protecting your data."

Source: AWS Documentation

"What is Amazon Macie?"

aws.amazon.com/macie/what-is-macie/.

2. Macie and Lambda Integration: "You can configure Amazon Macie to publish findings to Amazon EventBridge as finding events. Then you can use EventBridge to define rules that route the events to targets

such as AWS Lambda functions... for automated remediation."

Source: AWS Macie User Guide

"Monitoring Macie findings with Amazon EventBridge"

docs.aws.amazon.com/macie/latest/user/findings-monitor-events.html.

3. AWS Lambda for Low Overhead: "AWS Lambda is a serverless

event-driven compute service that lets you run code for virtually any type of application or backend service without provisioning or managing servers. You can trigger Lambda from over 200 AWS services..."

Source: AWS Documentation

"AWS Lambda"

aws.amazon.com/lambda/.