A RACI (Responsible–Accountable–Consulted–Informed) matrix lists every project task against each stakeholder group and assigns one of the four RACI roles. By doing so it explicitly shows 1) which stakeholders must take part (Responsible or Accountable) and 2) which merely receive communications (Consulted or Informed). Hence it is the standard model for mapping stakeholder involvement and communication requirements in projects.

A. STEEPLED – Environmental scanning tool (Social, Technological, Economic, etc.); does not map individual stakeholders or communication lines.

C. Kraljic – Portfolio matrix for classifying purchased items by supply risk and impact on profit; unrelated to stakeholder communication.

D. Mendelow – Plots stakeholders by power × interest; indicates priority but not specific involvement levels or communication modes.

1. PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® 6th ed.), 2017, §9.1.2.1 “Responsibility Assignment Matrix”, pp. 318-319 – explains RACI and its use to define stakeholder involvement and communications.

2. CIPS, Level 5 Advanced Diploma, Module L5M8 “Project and Change Management”, Study Guide, 2021, Learning Outcome 1, pp. 18-19 – describes the RACI matrix as a method for identifying who is involved and how to communicate with them.

3. MIT OpenCourseWare, Course 15.761 “Operations Management – Special Topics: Project Management”, Lecture Notes 6, slide 14 – illustrates RACI chart and notes its role in clarifying communication with stakeholders.