Force Field Analysis, developed by Kurt Lewin, is a change management tool used to diagnose a situation by identifying the forces that are driving change and the opposing forces that are restraining it. In Benito's case, the team lacks understanding of the motivations (driving forces) and has low morale (a restraining force). By using this tool collaboratively, Benito can visually map out the reasons for the restructure (e.g., increased efficiency, market competition) and also acknowledge the team's concerns (e.g., fear of job insecurity, difficulty with new procedures). This process fosters understanding, encourages participation, and helps the team collectively find ways to weaken the restraining forces and support the change.

A. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool to assess an organisation's internal strengths/weaknesses and external opportunities/threats, not for managing team dynamics during a change.

B. STEEPLE analysis is a macro-environmental scanning tool to assess external factors affecting an organisation; it is not suitable for addressing internal team morale and procedural changes.

D. Multiple Cause Diagram (or Fishbone Diagram) is a root-cause analysis tool used to identify the potential causes of a specific problem, not to explain the rationale for a strategic change.

1. Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2015). Organization development and change (10th ed.). Cengage Learning. In Chapter 2, "The Nature of Planned Change," Lewin's model is discussed, highlighting Force Field Analysis as a method to "diagnose the equilibrium by identifying the driving and restraining forces" (p. 31) to manage the change process effectively.

2. Burnes, B. (2020). The Origins of Lewin’s Three-Step Model of Change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(1), 32-59. This article reviews Lewin's work, explaining that Force Field Analysis is fundamental to his model. It is described as a framework for "identifying and evaluating all the forces that are promoting or hindering a particular change" (p. 45), making it ideal for helping a team understand the context of a change initiative.

3. CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply). (2019). Managing Ethical and Responsible Sourcing (L5M8 Course Book). Profex Publishing. Chapter 4, 'Managing change in the supply chain,' details various change management models. It presents Force Field Analysis as a practical tool for identifying barriers and enablers of change, which is essential for gaining team buy-in and addressing resistance, as faced by Benito.