The question likely refers to a risk categorisation model used in supply chain management. In this context, risks are often grouped into major categories. 'Environmental' risk is a primary category of external, or macro-environmental, risk that can impact the supply chain. This category is analysed using frameworks like PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental). It encompasses factors such as climate change, natural disasters, pollution, and sustainability regulations, which are beyond the direct control of the organisation but have significant potential impact.

A. strategic: This is a category of internal risk, relating to an organisation's long-term objectives, business decisions, and overall management direction.

B. intellectual property: This is a specific sub-type of risk, often classified under operational or legal risk, not a broad, top-level category like 'environmental'.

D. operational: This is a major category of internal risk that arises from failures in an organisation's day-to-day processes, systems, people, or procedures.

1. CIPS (Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply). (2019). Managing Supply Chain Risk (L5M2). CIPS Official Course Book. Profex Publishing. In Chapter 2

"Understand and analyse the types of risk that can impact supply chains

" the text distinguishes between internal risks (e.g.

operational

strategic) and external risks

for which the PESTLE framework is a primary analytical tool. The 'Environmental' factor is a key component of this external analysis.

2. Waters

D. (2011). Supply Chain Risk Management: Vulnerability and Resilience in Logistics. Kogan Page. Chapter 4

"Identifying Risks

" categorises risks into sources

including 'environmental risks' (arising from the organisation's external environment) and 'organisational risks' (arising from within the organisation

such as operational and strategic risks).

3. Christopher

M. (2016). Logistics & Supply Chain Management (5th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 8

"Managing Risk in the Supply Chain

" discusses sources of risk

identifying environmental uncertainty (macro-level factors like political or economic shifts) as a major external driver of risk

distinct from internal process or control risks.