Organizational activities encompass the full spectrum of processes, functions, and operations that an entity undertakes to achieve its corporate goals. According to ISO 22301, a Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) must take a holistic view of the organization. It requires identifying potential threats and their impact on the organization's ability to deliver its key products and services. Therefore, it is the broad set of "organizational" activities, not just specific formal or procedural ones, that are exposed to threats which can compromise strategic objectives. The standard's purpose is to build resilience across the entire organization to protect these critical activities.

A. Formal: This is too narrow; threats can impact both formal and informal activities that are essential for achieving corporate goals.

C. Structural: This term is imprecise and focuses on the organizational framework rather than the operational activities that are directly threatened by disruptive incidents.

D. Procedural: This is a subset of organizational activities. Many critical functions may not be strictly procedural, and threats can affect more than just defined processes.

1. ISO 22301:2019, Security and resilience — Business continuity management systems — Requirements.

Clause 4.1, "Understanding the organization and its context," requires the organization to determine issues relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its BCMS. This establishes the scope as the entire organization.

Clause 8.2.2, "Business impact analysis (BIA)," mandates the process to "identify the activities that support the provision of its products and services" and prioritize them. This confirms the focus is on the organization's activities.

2. Herbane, B. (2010). The evolution of business continuity management: A historical review of practices and drivers. Business History, 52(6), 978-1002.

Page 980: The paper describes modern Business Continuity Management (BCM) as an "organization-wide process" that moves beyond simple IT disaster recovery to address a wide range of threats to the entire business operation, aligning with the term "organizational activities." (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2010.511185)

3. Hiles, A. (Ed.). (2011). The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Chapter 1, "An Introduction to Business Continuity Management," page 4: Defines BCM as a "holistic management process that identifies potential threats to an organization and the impacts to business operations." This supports the concept that the entire set of organizational activities is the subject of BCM.