In the context of business process management, which is fundamental to integrating risk management per ISO 31000, organizational processes are broadly categorized into two types. 'Hard processes' are well-defined, repeatable, and often automated or technology-driven, such as manufacturing assembly lines or automated financial transactions. 'People processes' (also known as soft processes) are less structured and rely heavily on human skills, judgment, and interaction, such as strategic planning, research and development, or collaborative design. An effective integrated risk management framework must encompass both of these process types to be comprehensive.

B. Soft processes: This term is often used synonymously with 'people processes'. However, 'people processes' is a more descriptive and commonly used term in this dichotomy, making it the better choice.

D. Quality analysis: This is a specific task or a set of techniques applied within a process (e.g., a quality management process). It is not a fundamental category of process itself.

1. Checkland, P. (1999). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice: Includes a 30-Year Retrospective. John Wiley & Sons. In Part 2, Checkland extensively discusses the distinction between 'hard' systems thinking, applicable to well-defined, technical problems (aligning with hard processes), and 'soft' systems methodology, designed for complex, human-centric problem situations (aligning with people processes).

2. Harmon, P. (2014). Business Process Change: A Business Process Management Guide for Managers and Process Professionals (3rd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann. In Chapter 2, Harmon discusses the nature of business processes, distinguishing between highly structured, repeatable work and unstructured, knowledge-based work, which corresponds to the hard process vs. people process classification.

3. Ould, M. A. (2005). Business Process Management: A Rigorous Approach. British Computer Society. Chapter 3, "What is a Process?", differentiates between processes that are highly deterministic and automatable ('hard') and those that are dependent on the expertise and discretion of people ('soft' or 'people' processes).