The fundamental test process, as defined by ISTQB, outlines distinct phases. The 'Test Implementation and Execution' phase focuses on preparing for and running the tests. A major task within this phase is to execute test procedures, compare the actual results with the expected results, and when a discrepancy is found, to log this difference. This logging process is formally known as reporting discrepancies as incidents or defects. This activity is central to the execution part of the phase, as it captures the primary output of finding failures in the software under test.

A. Measuring and analysing results against exit criteria is a major task of the 'Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting' phase, which follows test execution.

C. Identifying test conditions is a core activity performed during the 'Test Analysis and Design' phase, which occurs before implementation and execution.

D. Assessing if more tests are needed is a task for 'Test Control' and 'Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting', not a direct task of executing existing tests.

1. ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018 (v3.1), Section 1.4.3, "Test Implementation and Execution". This section explicitly lists "Reporting discrepancies as incidents" as a major task. It also places "Identifying test conditions" in Section 1.4.2 and "Assessing if more tests are needed" in Section 1.4.4.

2. Black, R., van Veenendaal, E., & Poe, T. (2019). Foundations of Software Testing: ISTQB Certification (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. Chapter 2, Section 2.4.3, "Test Implementation and Execution," details the activities of this phase, including executing tests, comparing results, and reporting incidents (p. 53).

3. Gómez, L. P., et al. (2018). A Systematic Review of the ISTQB-FL Syllabus from a Software Engineering Perspective. In Proceedings of the 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). This academic review analyzes the ISTQB syllabus structure, reinforcing the distinct activities within each phase of the fundamental test process. The separation of analysis, execution, and evaluation activities is a key finding. DOI: 10.23919/CISTI.2018.8399291