Dynamic loads are forces applied to a structure that change rapidly over time in magnitude, direction, or point of application. Earthquakes (seismic loads) and wind loads are quintessential examples. Seismic loads induce inertial forces due to ground acceleration, while wind loads create fluctuating pressures and suctions on a building's envelope. Unlike static loads, which are applied slowly and remain constant, the time-varying nature of dynamic loads can cause significant vibration and stress amplification within the structure, requiring specialized analysis and design considerations to ensure building safety and stability.

A. Live loads are movable but generally treated as quasi-static for design purposes (e.g., people, furniture), lacking the rapid, fluctuating nature of seismic or wind events.

B. Dead loads are permanent, static forces resulting from the self-weight of the structure and its fixed components, which do not change over time.

C. Static loads are forces that are applied slowly and remain constant. Wind and seismic loads are fundamentally non-static due to their rapid and variable application.

1. Ballast

D. K. (2017). Interior construction & detailing for designers & architects (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. In Chapter 10

"Structural Systems

" Section "Loads on Buildings

" it is stated: "Dynamic loads are applied suddenly or change rapidly. Examples are...wind and earthquake loads." (p. 298).

2. Mehta

M.

Scarborough

W.

& Armpriest

D. (2018). Building construction: Principles

materials

and systems (3rd ed.). Pearson. In Chapter 2

"Loads on Buildings

" Section 2.2.3

"Dynamic Loads

" the text specifies: "The two most common dynamic loads on a building are wind load and earthquake load." (p. 31).

3. Ching

F. D. K. (2014). Building construction illustrated (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. In Chapter 2

"The Building

" under the section "Structural Loads

" dynamic loads are defined and illustrated with wind and seismic forces as primary examples. (p. 2.09).

4. Connor

J. J. (2007). Introduction to structural motion control. MIT OpenCourseWare

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. In Lecture 1

"Introduction

" the course framework is established by identifying wind and earthquakes as the principal sources of dynamic loading that necessitate motion control strategies in structural design.