Anthropometrics is the science of measuring the human body's size, form, and functional capacities. When designing furniture for a specific population, such as preschoolers, anthropometric data is the most critical human factor. This data provides the necessary body measurements (e.g., sitting height, popliteal height, arm reach) to ensure the chair and table are scaled appropriately. Proper scaling is fundamental for the children's comfort, safety, and postural support, directly impacting their ability to learn and interact with their environment effectively.

A. Biometrics relates to unique physiological characteristics for identification (e.g., fingerprints) and is irrelevant to furniture sizing.

B. Proxemics is the study of personal space and social distances, which applies to classroom layout, not the physical dimensions of a single chair or table.

C. Ergonomics is a broad field concerning the interaction between humans and a system. While the goal is an ergonomic design, anthropometrics provides the specific foundational data required to achieve it.

1. Panero

J.

& Zelnik

M. (1979). Human Dimension & Interior Space: A Source Book of Design Reference Standards. Whitney Library of Design. Section 3

"Anthropometric Data

" specifically the subsection "The Child: 2 through 18 Years" (pp. 201-231)

details the essential body measurements for designing children's furniture and environments.

2. Sanders

M. S.

& McCormick

E. J. (1993). Human Factors in Engineering and Design (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Chapter 9

"Anthropometry

" defines the practice as the "measurement of the dimensions and other physical characteristics of the body" and its application in design (p. 291).

3. Cornell University

Department of Human Centered Design. (2023). DEA 1500: Introduction to Human-Environment Relations. Course syllabus. This course material distinguishes anthropometrics as the study of body measurements used to design for fit

separate from the broader concepts of ergonomics and proxemics.