Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanning and security auditing tool. Scripts used by Nmap for

performing different network discovery and security auditing tasks are stored in

/usr/share/nmap/scripts. This directory contains a collection of scripts for NSE (Nmap Scripting

Engine), which enables Nmap to perform additional networking tasks, often used for detecting

vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and security-related information about network services.

Reference:

Nmap documentation, "Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)".

Code Red is not ICS specific malware; it was a famous worm that targeted computers running

Microsoft's IIS web server. Unlike Flame, Havex, and Stuxnet, which were specifically designed to

target industrial control systems or perform espionage related to ICS environments, Code Red was

aimed at exploiting vulnerabilities in internet-facing software to perform denial-of-service attacks

and other malicious activities.

Reference:

CERT Coordination Center, "Code Red Worm Exploiting Buffer Overflow In IIS Indexing Service DLL".

A Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) is capable of monitoring and validating encrypted

data if it is integrated with technologies that allow it to decrypt the traffic.

Typically, network IPS can be set up with SSL/TLS decryption capabilities to inspect encrypted data as

it traverses the network. This allows the IPS to analyze the content of encrypted packets and apply

security policies accordingly.

Monitoring encrypted traffic is critical in detecting hidden malware, unauthorized data exfiltration,

and other security threats concealed within SSL/TLS encrypted sessions.

Reference

"Network Security Technologies and Solutions," by Yusuf Bhaiji, Cisco Press.

"Decrypting SSL/TLS Traffic with IPS," by Palo Alto Networks.

Among the options listed, Nessus is primarily a vulnerability assessment tool, not an exploit tool. It is

used to scan systems, networks, and applications to identify vulnerabilities but does not exploit

them. On the other hand, Canvas, Core Impact, and Metasploit are exploit tools designed to actually

perform attacks (safely and legally) to demonstrate the impact of vulnerabilities.

Reference:

Tenable, Inc., "Nessus FAQs".

The Authentication Header (AH) in the context of IPsec has a fixed header portion of 24 bits and a

mutable part that can vary, but when considering the fixed structure of the AH itself, the width is

typically considered to be 32 bits at its core structure for basic operations in providing integrity and

authentication, without confidentiality.

Reference:

RFC 4302, "IP Authentication Header".