802.11 Traffic and Protection Bits:

In the 802.11 protocol, protection bits and the Initialization Vector (IV) are used in encrypted wireless

traffic.

If the traffic is captured directly from an AP, the frames may include encrypted content.

Wireshark may misinterpret these protection bits or fail to display the frames correctly unless it is

configured to ignore protection bits and correctly parse the IV.

Key Scenario:

When traffic is captured directly from an AP managed by HPE Aruba Networking Central, the frames

are often captured before decryption occurs.

In such cases, you must configure Wireshark to ignore the protection bits and handle the IV properly

for correct frame interpretation.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. Data plane traffic sent to a remote IP is usually decrypted, so Wireshark does not

require this adjustment.

Option B: Incorrect. Switch port mirroring captures traffic at Layer 2/3, not raw 802.11 frames.

Option C: Correct. Traffic captured directly from an AP via HPE Aruba Networking Central often

includes encrypted wireless frames, requiring Wireshark adjustments.

Option D: Incorrect. Control plane traffic is typically management data and not raw wireless frames

needing IV interpretation.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation

Traffic Match Evaluation Order:

The rules are processed in sequential order, and the first rule that matches is applied.

The added rule only denies SSH traffic to 10.1.4.0/23. Since 10.1.11.42 is not within the 10.1.4.0/23

subnet, this rule does not apply.

Next Matching Rule:

Rule 2 permits traffic to the 10.1.6.0/23 network, but this does not include 10.1.11.42.

Rule 3 denies traffic to the broader 10.1.0.0/16 network and logs it. Since 10.1.11.42 falls under this

range, this rule applies, and the traffic would be logged and dropped.

Logging and Denylist Actions:

The denylist action in the new rule only applies to SSH traffic to 10.1.4.0/23. Since the destination is

outside that range, the denylist is not triggered.

Reference

Aruba AOS-10 Role and Firewall Rules Documentation.

HPE Aruba Central Configuration Best Practices Guide.

Implementing user-based tunneling (UBT) on AOS-CX switches is beneficial for applying enhanced

security features such as deep packet inspection (DPI) to wired traffic. UBT allows the traffic from

specific users or devices to be tunneled to a central controller or security appliance where advanced

security policies, including DPI, can be applied. This approach ensures that even wired traffic benefits

from the same level of security and inspection typically available for wireless traffic, thus enhancing

overall network security.

Reference: Aruba's documentation on UBT and AOS-CX configuration guides detail how to set up

user-based tunneling and the benefits of applying advanced security features like DPI to tunneled

traffic.

Tagging Applications: In HPE Aruba Networking SSE (Secure Service Edge), tagging is an efficient way

to group multiple applications together for simplified management and rule creation.

Tags can be applied to applications, and a single policy rule can be configured to use the tag as the

destination.

This eliminates the need to create multiple rules for each individual application, streamlining policy

configuration.

Option B: Correct. Applying the same tag to multiple applications allows you to select the tag as the

destination in a single policy rule, meeting the requirement efficiently.

Option A: Incorrect. Associating applications with the IdP and selecting "any" for the destination

lacks granularity and security.

Option C: Incorrect. Using connector zones is more appropriate for network-level segmentation

rather than grouping application policies.

Option D: Incorrect. Web profiles are generally used for web-based traffic policies, not for grouping

applications in general.

For a company with AOS-CX switches and HPE Aruba Networking APs running AOS-10, where 802.1X

authentication is required on all edge ports, you should configure all edge ports in client auth-mode.

This mode ensures that each client connecting through the APs is authenticated individually,

maintaining the security policy requirements for 802.1X authentication on all connections.

Reference: Aruba's AOS-CX and ClearPass documentation provide guidelines on configuring 802.1X

authentication modes, emphasizing the use of client auth-mode for scenarios involving multiple

clients connected through access points.

RADIUS Accounting:

RADIUS accounting enables network devices to report client session details (e.g., IP addresses,

session duration, bandwidth usage) to CPPM.

Interim updates ensure CPPM receives ongoing updates about the client’s session, enabling accurate

tracking.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Incorrect. Syslog logging sends general system logs, not client session details.

Option B: Incorrect. Dynamic authorization (CoA) handles session changes but does not provide

usage tracking.

Option C: Correct. RADIUS accounting with interim updates tracks client IP addresses and bandwidth

utilization.

Option D: Incorrect. IF-MAP interfaces are used for metadata sharing, not for RADIUS-based tracking.

For a company that lacks visibility into various types of user and IoT devices on its internal network,

HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Device Insight (CPDI) is the recommended solution. CPDI provides

comprehensive visibility and profiling of all devices connected to the network. It uses machine

learning and AI to identify and classify devices, offering detailed insights into their behavior and

characteristics. This enhanced visibility enables the security team to effectively monitor and manage

network devices, improving overall network security and compliance.

Reference: Aruba's documentation on ClearPass Device Insight outlines its capabilities in device

discovery, profiling, and security posture assessment, making it ideal for environments with diverse

and numerous network-connected devices.

Installing Agents for SSE (Secure Service Edge):

Agents installed on remote users' devices allow posture checks (e.g., antivirus status, OS version) to

ensure compliance.

Based on the results of the posture checks, different permissions and security policies can be applied

dynamically.

This improves the security posture of remote users before granting access to resources.

Option A: Correct. Agents enable posture checks and enforce conditional access based on

compliance.

Option B: Incorrect. Admins manage SSE policies centrally, not via agents.

Option C: Incorrect. Access to private servers via SSH does not require agents; it relies on policies and

tunnels.

Option D: Incorrect. Local sandboxing is generally a function of endpoint protection solutions, not

SSE agents.

Traffic Forwarding for APs:

In AOS-10, AP traffic forwarding can happen locally (bridged) or through tunnels to a gateway.

The VLAN settings on the "APs" role depend on whether the APs bridge the SSID traffic locally or

forward it through a tunnel.

Option B: Correct. You need to know whether the traffic is bridged or tunneled to determine the

VLAN assignments.

Option A: Incorrect. LURs/DURs affect role assignment but not VLAN settings for traffic forwarding.

Option C: Incorrect. Establishing tunnels with gateways is relevant to centralized traffic forwarding,

not VLANs for bridged traffic.

Option D: Incorrect. AP IP addressing (static or DHCP) does not impact the VLAN for forwarded SSID

traffic.

To follow best security practices for 802.1X authentication settings in Windows domain clients:

Specify at least two server names under "Connect to these servers":

Admins should explicitly list trusted RADIUS server names (e.g., radius.example.com) to prevent the

client from connecting to unauthorized or rogue servers.

This mitigates man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks where an attacker attempts to present their own

RADIUS server.

Select the desired Trusted Root Certificate Authority and "Don't prompt users":

Select the Trusted Root CA that issued the RADIUS server's certificate. This ensures clients validate

the correct server certificate during the EAP-TLS/PEAP authentication process.

Enabling "Don't prompt users" ensures end users are not confused or tricked into accepting

certificates from untrusted servers.

Why the other options are incorrect:

Option C: Incorrect. Wildcards in server names (e.g., *.example.com) weaken security and allow

broader matching, increasing the risk of rogue servers.

Option D: Incorrect. Clearing "Use simple certificate selection" requires users to select certificates

manually, which can lead to errors and usability issues. Simple certificate selection is recommended

when properly configured.

Recommended Settings for Best Security Practices:

Server Validation: Specify the exact RADIUS server names in the "Connect to these servers" field.

Root CA Validation: Ensure only the correct Trusted Root Certificate Authority is selected.

User Prompts: Enable "Don't prompt users" to enforce automatic and secure authentication without

user intervention.