In Huawei modular device architecture, the planes are physically separated to ensure reliability and performance.

• SFU (Switch Fabric Unit): Functions as the data plane core. It is a switching matrix that connects all LPUs, allowing data to pass from one module to another (inter-card communication) at high speeds.
• LPU (Line Processing Unit): Handles the physical layer and forwarding duties. It houses the optical/electrical ports where cables connect and performs line-rate packet forwarding.
• MPU (Main Processing Unit): Centralizes the control and management planes. It runs the operating system, calculates routing tables (RIB), and manages the entire chassis configuration and monitoring.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (2024). HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Training Material, "Module 3: Network Engineering - Device Hardware Architecture," pp. 7-12.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (2023). CloudEngine 12800 Series Switches Hardware Description, "Hardware Structure - MPU, LPU, and SFU Functions."

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (2024). NetEngine 8000 Series Routers Hardware Description, "System Architecture - Control, Data, and Monitoring Planes."