A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is a formal process designed to identify, analyze, and mitigate risks to the privacy of individuals arising from the processing of personal data. Mandated by regulations like the GDPR for processing likely to result in a high risk, a DPIA systematically evaluates the potential effects of a new system or project on data privacy. It involves assessing the necessity and proportionality of the processing and implementing measures to manage identified risks. This aligns precisely with the described process of evaluating privacy effects and developing mitigation strategies for a new system handling personal customer information.

A. Disaster recovery (DR): Focuses on restoring IT systems and data after a catastrophic event, not on the proactive assessment of data privacy risks in new projects.

B. Business continuity planning (BCP): A broader strategic process for maintaining essential business functions during a disruption, not a specific assessment of privacy impacts.

D. Risk management: This is a general and broad term. A DPIA is a specific type of risk management that is narrowly focused on data protection and privacy.

1. Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). (2023). Guide to the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR): Data protection impact assessments. "A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is a way to systematically and comprehensively analyse your processing and help you identify and minimise data protection risks." (See section: "What is a DPIA?").

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2020). NIST Privacy Framework: A Tool for Improving Privacy through Enterprise Risk Management, Version 1.0. The framework's core "Identify-P" function involves understanding and managing privacy risks associated with data processing, which is the foundational purpose of a DPIA. (See Section 2.2, "Framework Core").

3. De Hert, P., & Papakonstantinou, V. (2016). The new General Data Protection Regulation: Still a sound system for the protection of individuals? Computer Law & Security Review, 32(2), 179-194. The article describes the DPIA (referred to as PIA) as a key accountability tool under GDPR, stating it is a "procedure to be followed to assess the privacy risks of a new project, service, or product." (See Section 4.2, "Privacy by design and by default and privacy impact assessment"). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2016.02.006