DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act): Enacted in 1998, this law updates copyright for the digital age. It criminalizes the production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works (such as DRM).

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): The Privacy Rule under HIPAA (often misspelled "HIPPA") establishes national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information (PHI). It prohibits healthcare agencies and providers from disclosing PHI without patient consent, except for specific purposes like treatment or payment.

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act): This federal law protects the privacy of student education records. It gives parents and eligible students (over 18) the right to inspect and review their records and requires schools to obtain written permission before disclosing information to third parties.

U.S. Copyright Office. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 - U.S. Copyright Office Summary. [Official Government Source].

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS). Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. [Official Government Source].

U.S. Department of Education. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). 20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99. [Official Government Source].

U.S. Copyright Office. U.S. Copyright Office Fair Use Index. [Official Government Source].

U.S. Department of Education. A Parent Guide to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). [Official Government Source].