Decision/Branch Coverage is a structural (white-box) testing metric. Its primary goal is to ensure that every possible outcome from each decision point in the code is executed at least once. This means for an if statement, both the true and false branches are tested. This is the direct definition of the strategy, making option B correct.

Furthermore, achieving 100% branch coverage guarantees that every executable statement in the code has been run. To traverse every branch, the statements within those branches must be executed. Therefore, 100% branch coverage always satisfies 100% statement coverage, making option A also a correct statement describing a fundamental property of the strategy.

C. This is a white-box testing strategy because it requires knowledge of the internal code structure (control flow and branches), not a black-box one.

D. Condition coverage tests if each individual boolean sub-condition evaluates to true and false, which is distinct from testing the final outcome of the entire decision.

1. Zhu, H., Hall, P. A., & May, J. H. (1997). Software unit test coverage and adequacy. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 29(4), 366–427. In Section 3.2.1, "Control-flow-based criteria," the paper defines branch coverage as requiring "that each branch of each decision be executed at least once" (p. 391), supporting option B. The paper also establishes the subsumption hierarchy where branch coverage subsumes statement coverage, confirming option A. https://doi.org/10.1145/267580.267592

2. Ammann, P., & Offutt, J. (2016). Introduction to Software Testing (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. Chapter 2, Section 2.3, "Data Flow Coverage," explains that "Branch Coverage (BC) requires that each branch in the graph be taken" (p. 38). The text also clarifies that "Branch Coverage is stronger than Edge Coverage, which is stronger than Node Coverage (and Statement Coverage)" (p. 39), validating that branch coverage satisfies statement coverage.

3. Ghezzi, C., Jazayeri, M., & Mandrioli, D. (2003). Fundamentals of Software Engineering (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. In Chapter 6, "Testing," the relationship is described: "If a set of test cases satisfies the branch-coverage criterion, it also satisfies the statement-coverage criterion" (p. 253). This directly supports option A.