1. National Contract Management Association (NCMA). Contract Management Body of Knowledge (CMBOK), 6th ed., 2019, Section 1.3.2, "Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)." This section explains that the UCC is a model code, not a federal law, which individual states must enact. It clarifies that while it promotes uniformity, variations exist among the states.
2. Cornell Law School, Legal Information Institute (LII). "Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)." LII, an academic resource, states, "Because the UCC is a model code, it does not have legal effect in a jurisdiction unless UCC provisions are enacted by the individual state legislatures as statutes... Nearly every state has adopted the UCC in whole or in part." This confirms its non-uniform, state-level nature.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. "The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)." The documentation clarifies the UCC's scope: "The UCC does not apply to contracts for services, employment, or real estate." This directly refutes the claim that it governs "all commercial transactions."