To ensure the enterprise uses leading-edge technologies to provide exceptional service delivery and

enhance its reputation as a first mover, the COBIT consultant should recommend the governance and

management objective APO04 Managed Innovation. This objective focuses on fostering and

managing innovation to improve business processes and services.

Reference in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, APO04 (Managed Innovation):

This objective is specifically designed to support and manage the innovation process, ensuring that

the enterprise can leverage new technologies and ideas to maintain a competitive edge.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 4: This chapter discusses the importance of innovation

in achieving strategic goals and the role of managed innovation in governance.

By focusing on managed innovation, the enterprise can systematically explore and adopt new

technologies, enhancing service delivery and maintaining its status as a market leader.

The final step in governance system design is to reconcile inherent priority conflicts. This ensures that

all conflicting priorities among stakeholders are addressed and resolved to create a cohesive and

aligned governance system.

The reconciliation of inherent priority conflicts is a critical final step to ensure that the designed

governance system can effectively meet the needs and expectations of all stakeholders. This involves

negotiating and balancing different priorities to ensure that the governance objectives are

achievable and aligned with the enterprise’s strategic goals.

COBIT 2019 Framework Reference:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 5: Emphasizes the importance of addressing and reconciling

priority conflicts to finalize the governance system design.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 7: Discusses the necessity of resolving conflicts and

aligning objectives as part of the final steps in the governance system design process.

By reconciling priority conflicts, the enterprise ensures that the governance system is practical,

balanced, and capable of delivering the desired outcomes.

Applying the full governance design workflow and carefully considering all design factors is most

important when an enterprise requires a broad, holistic, and comprehensive view of its governance

system. This scenario is where the entire spectrum of the governance framework needs to be

analyzed and tailored to ensure it meets the enterprise's overall strategic goals and operational

needs.

Reference in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2: This chapter elaborates on how design factors influence the

creation of a tailored governance system that is comprehensive and aligns with the enterprise's

unique context.

COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 4: This chapter discusses the

importance of a holistic approach in establishing governance and the necessity of considering all

design factors to create a system that encompasses all aspects of enterprise IT and business

objectives.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 3: This chapter provides steps for implementing a

comprehensive governance system, emphasizing the importance of a full governance design

workflow to achieve a thorough and effective governance structure.

By following the full governance design workflow, enterprises can ensure that their governance

framework is not only comprehensive but also customized to address specific needs, thereby

improving alignment, efficiency, and compliance across the organization.

In the COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide:

"During the 'Where are we now?' phase, the enterprise assesses the current state of governance and

identifies process capability gaps. These gaps directly inform process improvement opportunities for

the implementation roadmap."

The emphasis at this stage is on evaluation and gap identification—not strategic goal-setting or

awareness-building, which occur earlier in the lifecycle.

Reference: COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Phase 2

The COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide states:

"A key pitfall in EGIT implementation is focusing too much on enabling IT-specific improvements and

failing to tie governance outcomes directly to business value realization."

Effective EGIT must prioritize how IT contributes to achieving enterprise goals, not just technical or

operational improvements.

Reference: COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Common Pitfalls Section

In COBIT 2019, the role of IT that demonstrates the highest level of enterprise dependency on

Information and Technology (I&T) is Strategic. This role indicates that IT is not only integral to the

business but is also a driver of innovation and strategic initiatives.

Reference in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 3: This chapter explains the various roles of IT within an

enterprise. The strategic role is where IT is pivotal for business transformation, competitive

advantage, and achieving strategic business goals.

COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 4: This chapter highlights the

impact of the strategic role of IT on the governance system, emphasizing the high dependency on IT

for achieving business objectives.

Enterprises with IT in a strategic role rely heavily on IT to drive business strategies, innovate, and

gain a competitive edge, making it the highest level of dependency on I&T.

The COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide describes the role of the program management office (PMO)

during the planning phase as:

"Ensuring that business needs and objectives are clearly articulated in the business case during the

early planning stages."

This responsibility aligns the program with strategic goals and justifies its value.

Reference: COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Phase 3

The stakeholders responsible for creating or updating EGIT objectives following the completion of the

first iteration of an EGIT program implementation life cycle are the CIO and business executives. They

have the strategic oversight and authority to set and adjust objectives based on the initial outcomes

and evolving business needs.

The CIO and business executives play a critical role in ensuring that the EGIT (Enterprise Governance

of Information and Technology) objectives are aligned with business strategy and goals. After the first

iteration, their involvement is crucial to review progress, adjust objectives, and ensure continued

alignment with enterprise priorities.

COBIT 2019 Framework Reference:

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 7: Highlights the roles of senior management, including

the CIO and business executives, in setting and updating EGIT objectives.

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 4: Emphasizes the importance of executive involvement in

governance system design and iterative improvement.

By engaging the CIO and business executives in this process, the enterprise ensures that EGIT

objectives remain relevant and aligned with overall business strategy.

The primary responsibility of the program management office (PMO) during the planning phase that

defines the initial program concept business case is ensuring that both needs and business objectives

are stated. This responsibility ensures that the program aligns with the enterprise's strategic goals

and addresses specific business needs.

Reference in COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation:

COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance and Management Objectives, BAI01 (Managed Programs): This

objective emphasizes the role of the PMO in defining program requirements and business objectives

during the planning phase.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 3: This chapter outlines the responsibilities of the PMO

in program planning, which includes articulating business needs and objectives to ensure alignment

and clarity.

By clearly stating needs and business objectives, the PMO sets a solid foundation for the program,

facilitating alignment with strategic goals and effective resource allocation.

In COBIT 2019, information is seen as a key enabler because it underpins effective governance and

management practices. Information items refer to the data and information that the organization

needs to achieve its goals and support decision-making processes. This includes various types of

information such as financial data, operational data, compliance reports, and performance metrics.

The COBIT 2019 Framework identifies seven components of a governance system:

Processes: Structured sets of practices and activities to achieve specific objectives and produce a set

of outputs in support of achieving overall IT-related goals.

Organizational Structures: Key decision-making entities in an enterprise.

Principles, Policies, and Frameworks: Established rules and guidelines.

Information: All information produced and used by the enterprise, crucial for governance.

Culture, Ethics, and Behavior: Encompasses the values of the enterprise and its employees.

People, Skills, and Competencies: Required for successful completion of all activities and decision-

making.

Services, Infrastructure, and Applications: Enabling and supporting the enterprise through its use of

technology.

Information items fall under the fourth component, "Information," which is necessary for effective

governance. Information items ensure that:

Decision-makers have the relevant data to make informed decisions.

There is transparency and accountability in reporting.

The organization can monitor and measure performance against strategic objectives.

Compliance with regulatory and legal requirements is maintained.

COBIT 2019 Design and Implementation Guide Reference:

COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, Chapter 5: This chapter details the

governance and management objectives and their components, highlighting the importance of

information.

COBIT 2019 Design Guide, Chapter 2: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the

components of a governance system, including information items.

COBIT 2019 Implementation Guide, Chapter 3: This chapter explains how to incorporate various

governance system components, such as information items, into the tailored governance system

design.

Considering information items is essential because they provide the necessary context and insights

for effective governance. By ensuring that information is accurate, timely, and relevant, an

organization can better align its IT governance with its overall business objectives, thereby enhancing

decision-making, performance tracking, and compliance.