The physical characteristics of a product are the most fundamental factors in determining its storage method. Volume and size (dimensions) dictate the physical space required and the type of storage medium needed, such as a bin, shelf, or pallet rack. Density (mass per unit volume) is critical for determining the weight-bearing capacity required of the storage equipment. A small, high-density item may require a stronger shelf than a large, low-density item. Together, these three attributes provide the core data needed to design a safe, space-efficient, and appropriate storage plan for any given product.

B. weight, configuration, and delivery: 'Delivery' pertains to an outbound logistics process, not a fundamental product characteristic that dictates the physical form of storage.

C. mass, measurement, and space: 'Space' is the resource required for storage, not an intrinsic characteristic of the product itself that determines the storage method.

D. depth, containment, and process: 'Process' is too general and refers to operational activities rather than the static physical attributes of the item being stored.

1. Tompkins, J. A., White, J. A., Bozer, Y. A., & Tanchoco, J. M. A. (2010). Facilities Planning (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. In Chapter 5, "Material Handling," the text emphasizes that the characteristics of the material being moved and stored are the primary consideration. It explicitly lists "size, weight, shape, [and] density" as key physical properties that dictate handling and storage requirements (p. 168).

2. Richards, G. (2017). Warehouse Management: A Complete Guide to Improving Efficiency and Minimizing Costs (3rd ed.). Kogan Page. Chapter 4, "Warehouse Processes: Receiving and Put-away," details the importance of capturing product data upon receipt, stating, "The key data required will include... dimensions (length, width, and height), which will provide the cubic volume of the product, and the weight of the item" (p. 87). This information is used to determine the appropriate storage location and type.

3. Bartholdi, J. J., & Hackman, S. T. (2019). Warehouse & Distribution Science (Release 0.98). Georgia Institute of Technology. In Chapter 3, "Storage Systems and Operations," the authors discuss storage profile, noting that the "size and shape of the SKUs" are primary determinants of what storage modes are feasible. The text further explains how product volume and weight influence the choice between carton-flow racks, pallet racks, and other systems (pp. 65-67).