In 2012, the White House released a report titled “Consumer Data Privacy in a Networked World: A

Framework for Protecting Privacy and Promoting Innovation in the Global Digital Economy”, which

proposed a Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights based on the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).

The report called for a comprehensive privacy framework that would apply to all commercial sectors

and all personal data, regardless of the technology or business model involved. The report also urged

Congress to enact legislation to implement the framework and empower the FTC to enforce it.

Similarly, the FTC released a report titled “Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change:

Recommendations for Businesses and Policymakers”, which outlined a set of best practices for

businesses to protect consumer privacy and foster innovation. The report also advocated for a

comprehensive privacy framework that would cover both online and offline data, and apply to all

entities that collect or use consumer data that can be reasonably linked to a specific consumer,

computer, or device. The report also recommended that Congress consider enacting baseline privacy

legislation and giving the FTC rulemaking authority to implement it. Therefore, both reports can be

described as advocating a comprehensive approach to privacy enforcement, rather than a harm-

based, self-regulatory, or notice and choice approach. Reference: White House Report, FTC

Report, IAPP CIPP/US Study Guide (p. 31-32)