The Net Present Value (NPV) is calculated by converting the expected future cash flows into the home currency (GB£) and subtracting the initial investment.

1. Expected Annual Cash Flow (US$):

(US$400,000 × 0.40) + (US$700,000 × 0.60) = US$580,000

2. Forecast Exchange Rates (using PPP): S1 = S0 × (1 + iforeign) / (1 + ihome)

Year 1: 1.30 × (1.04 / 1.02) = US$1.3255/GB£

Year 2: 1.3255 × (1.04 / 1.02) = US$1.3512/GB£

Year 3: 1.3512 × (1.04 / 1.02) = US$1.3772/GB£

3. Convert Cash Flows to GB£:

Year 1: US$580,000 / 1.3255 = GB£437,571

Year 2: US$580,000 / 1.3512 = GB£429,248

Year 3: US$580,000 / 1.3772 = GB£421,144

Total Inflows: GB£1,287,963

4. Calculate NPV:

The question's structure implies a 0% discount rate, as no cost of capital is provided.

NPV = Total GB£ Inflows - Initial Investment

NPV = GB£1,287,963 - GB£1,000,000 = GB£287,963. This is closest to option A.

B. GB£391,640: This result may arise from incorrectly applying the Purchasing Power Parity formula, for instance, by inverting the inflation rates, leading to an overstatement of the GB£ cash flows.

C. GB£(111,973): A negative NPV would likely result from using a high, unstated discount rate or a significant error in the exchange rate forecasting that undervalues the future dollar cash flows.

D. GB£554,047: This figure likely results from converting all future US$ cash flows at the current spot rate (US$1.30/GB£), ignoring the effect of inflation differentials as predicted by PPP.

1. Shapiro, A. C. (2019). Multinational Financial Management (11th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 16, "International Capital Budgeting," details the methodology of using Purchasing Power Parity to forecast exchange rates for converting foreign cash flows in project appraisal. The home currency approach is explained in section 16.3.

2. Eiteman, D. K., Stonehill, A. I., & Moffett, M. H. (2016). Multinational Business Finance (14th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 18, "International Capital Budgeting," covers the two main methods for evaluating foreign projects: the home currency approach and the foreign currency approach. The use of parity conditions like PPP to derive forecast inputs is a central theme (pp. 510-514).

3. Damodaran, A. (n.d.). Country Risk and Company Exposure. NYU Stern School of Business, Course materials for Corporate Finance. In his discussion of international project appraisal, Damodaran explains the necessity of maintaining consistency: discount foreign cash flows at a foreign currency discount rate, or convert foreign cash flows to domestic currency (using expected exchange rates derived from PPP) and discount at a domestic rate. (See section on "Valuing Foreign Companies/Projects").