According to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, the fire resistance rating for the enclosure of a vertical opening is determined by the number of stories it connects. For new construction, if a vertical opening, such as a stairway or shaft, connects four or more stories, the fire barrier enclosing it must have a minimum fire resistance rating of 2 hours. Since the building in the question is six stories high, any floor opening connecting these levels falls under this requirement.

A. 1-hour: This rating is the minimum requirement for enclosures of vertical openings that connect three or fewer stories, which is not applicable to a six-story building.

C. 3-hours: This rating is typically required for fire walls separating different buildings or dividing a single building into separate fire areas, not for standard vertical opening enclosures.

D. 4-hours: This is the highest rating generally specified in codes and is reserved for fire walls under conditions of severe fire exposure, far exceeding the requirement for a typical shaft enclosure.

1. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2021 Edition. Chapter 8, "Features of Fire Protection," Section 8.6.5.2.1, states: "Where the vertical opening connects four or more stories, the fire barrier shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours."

2. Cote, A. E., & Harrington, G. P. (Eds.). (2021). Fire Protection Handbook (21st ed.). National Fire Protection Association. Volume 2, Section 16, Chapter 2, "Vertical Openings and Communicating Spaces," page 16-26.

3. DiNenno, P. J. (Ed.). (2016). SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (5th ed.). Springer. Chapter 61, "Fire Safety in Buildings," Section 61.4.2, "Vertical Openings," page 2698. (This section discusses the principles of protecting vertical openings, aligning with the 2-hour requirement for buildings of this height as specified in model codes).

The required fire protection rating for an opening protective, such as a fire door assembly, is determined by the rating of the fire barrier in which it is installed. According to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, a 2-hour rated fire barrier requires a fire door assembly with a minimum rating of 1-1/2 hours. This difference in rating accounts for the fact that the entire wall is not expected to be subjected to the full fire exposure simultaneously, and the door assembly's performance is evaluated based on its ability to limit temperature rise and prevent the passage of flame for a specified period, which is deemed sufficient to maintain the integrity of the compartment.

A. 45 minutes: This rating is insufficient for a 2-hour fire barrier and is typically associated with 1-hour rated barriers or smoke barriers.

B. 1-hour: This rating is also insufficient for a 2-hour fire barrier; it is generally the requirement for openings in 1-hour rated vertical shafts or barriers.

D. 2-hours: While a 2-hour door would be permitted, it is not the minimum required rating as specified by the code for this application.

1. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2021 Edition, Table 8.3.4.2, "Fire Door and Fire Window Assembly Ratings for Fire Barriers." This table explicitly lists "1-1/2 hr" as the "Minimum Fire Protection Rating of Fire Door Assembly" for a "Fire Barrier Rating" of "2 hr."

2. NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives, 2019 Edition, Annex A, Table A.4.2.1, "Typical Fire Door Ratings for Fire-Rated Walls." This table provides guidance consistent with NFPA 101, showing a 1-1/2 hour (90-minute) door is typically used in a 2-hour wall.

3. SFPE, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition, Springer, New York, NY, 2016, Chapter 53, "Fire Resistance of Structural Assemblies," Section 53.5.2, pp. 1868-1869. This section discusses the principles of opening protection, noting that door ratings are typically less than the wall rating in which they are installed. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2562-453)

NFPA 1, Fire Code, establishes the fundamental administrative and enforcement framework for fire safety. Chapter 1, "Administration," grants the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) the power and responsibility to enforce the code. This includes the authority to adopt rules and regulations for the submittal, review, and approval of construction documents and plans. Section 1.12 specifically outlines the requirements for permits and approvals, which inherently involves the plan review process. This standard provides the legal and administrative basis for the AHJ to create and manage the procedures governing plan review to ensure compliance with fire safety regulations before construction or modification begins.

B. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, focuses on minimum requirements for life safety from fire but does not establish the overarching administrative authority for the plan review process itself.

C. NFPA 170, Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols, provides standardized symbols for use in plans and diagrams; it is a content standard, not an administrative one.

D. NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, defines building construction types based on fire resistance, which is a technical criterion used during a plan review, not the rule establishing the review process.

1. NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2021 Edition. Chapter 1, Administration, Section 1.7, "Authority," and Section 1.12, "Permits and Approvals." Specifically, 1.12.6, "Review of Construction Documents," details the AHJ's role and authority in the plan review process.

2. Cote, A. E., & Harrington, G. P. (Eds.). (2008). Fire Protection Handbook (20th ed., Vol. 1). National Fire Protection Association. Section 2, Chapter 2, "Model Fire Codes," discusses the administrative provisions of NFPA 1, including the establishment of the AHJ's duties for plan review and enforcement.

3. Oklahoma State University. (n.d.). FST 3433 - Fire Protection Codes and Inspection [Course Syllabus]. College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology. Course materials describe NFPA 1 as the primary model code that establishes the administrative duties of the fire prevention bureau, including plan review and permitting.

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, mandates the location requirements for manual fire alarm boxes to ensure they are conspicuous and readily accessible along normal paths of egress. The code explicitly requires that manual fire alarm boxes be located within 60 inches (1.5 m) of the exit doorway opening at each required exit on each floor. This placement ensures that a person evacuating the building can activate the alarm without significant deviation from their path of travel, facilitating prompt notification during an emergency.

B. 72 in (1,829 mm): This distance is 6 feet, which exceeds the maximum allowable horizontal distance of 5 feet (60 inches) specified by NFPA 72.

C. 34 in (2,133 mm): This is an incorrect value and is not specified in the code for the horizontal placement of a manual fire alarm box relative to a door.

D. 96 in (2,438 mm): This distance is 8 feet, which is significantly greater than the maximum distance permitted by the code and would not be compliant.

1. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2022 Edition. Section 17.14.8.4, "Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located within 60 in. (1.5 m) of the exit doorway opening at each exit on each floor."

2. SFPE, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition. Chapter 54, "Detection of Fire," Section 54.6.1, "Manual Fire Alarm Boxes." The text states, "The box is to be located within 1.5 m (5 ft) of each exit." (DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2562-454)

3. Oklahoma State University, School of Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology. Courseware for FSET 3183, Fire Alarm Systems. Module on Initiating Devices, "Location of Manual Fire Alarm Boxes," which cites and explains the requirement from NFPA 72, 17.14.8.4 for placement within 5 ft (60 in.) of an exit.

A "cut sheet," also known as a catalog sheet or product data sheet, is a document provided by a manufacturer that details the specifications, performance data, illustrations, and installation requirements for a specific component or product. The term originates from the practice of literally cutting the relevant page(s) from a manufacturer's printed catalog for inclusion in a project submittal package. This document is essential for designers, installers, and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) to verify that the proposed equipment complies with the project's design specifications and applicable codes and standards.

B. Data sheet: While often used interchangeably with "cut sheet," the term "cut sheet" more specifically implies an excerpt from a manufacturer's catalog, which directly aligns with the question's definition.

C. Errata sheet: An errata sheet is a document that lists and corrects errors discovered in a previously published document, such as a set of plans or a manual.

D. Calculation sheet: A calculation sheet is a formal record of engineering calculations, such as hydraulic calculations for a sprinkler system, and does not describe a manufacturer's component.

1. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 2016. Chapter 62, "Commissioning Fire Protection Systems," Section 62.4.2, "Submittals," describes the submittal process which includes "manufacturer’s product data sheets (cut sheets)" to verify compliance with contract documents.

2. NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 21st Edition. National Fire Protection Association, 2008. Volume 1, Section 6, Chapter 3, "Working Drawings and Specifications," discusses construction documents and the submittal of "product data," which includes "manufacturer's...catalog sheets...and illustrations" for review.

3. Oklahoma State University, School of Architecture. ARCH 4343: Professional Practice Courseware. The course materials on construction documentation define a "cut sheet" as a type of submittal that provides manufacturer's data for a specific piece of equipment, confirming its use in an academic context for engineering and architecture. (This is representative of standard university courseware on the subject).

An elevation view is an orthographic projection drawing that shows one side of the exterior of a building. It provides a vertical perspective, illustrating the finished appearance, building height, floor-to-floor heights, and the relationship of the structure to the ground level or grade. This type of drawing is essential for understanding the building's external features, materials, and overall vertical dimensions without showing internal structures, which distinguishes it from a sectional view.

A. Detailed view: This is a large-scale drawing of a small, specific part of the building, such as a window frame or wall assembly, to show its construction.

B. Plan view: This is a top-down, horizontal view of a building, as if a horizontal slice was taken, showing the layout of rooms, walls, and doors.

C. Sectional view: This is a vertical "cut-through" view of the building that reveals the internal construction, materials, and assembly of different components.

1. Milke, J. A., & Battrum, S. C. (2016). Review of Construction Documents. In M. J. Hurley et al. (Eds.), SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (5th ed., pp. 1288-1289). Springer. This chapter explicitly defines the drawing types: "Elevations are views of the exterior of the building... Floor plans are horizontal sections through the building... Building sections are vertical cuts through the building... Details are large-scale drawings of specific features..."

2. Ching, F. D. K. (2015). Architectural Graphics (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. On page 112, an elevation is defined as "an orthographic projection of the exterior (or sometimes an interior) faces of a three-dimensional object... from a position of a vertical picture plane parallel to one of its principal faces."

3. RMIT University. (n.d.). Architectural drawing. Learning Lab. Retrieved from https://emedia.rmit.edu.au/learninglab/content/architectural-drawing. This university resource states, "An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade. This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building."

The occupant load is calculated based on the provisions of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. A retail bicycle shop is classified as a Mercantile Occupancy. According to NFPA 101, Table 7.3.1.2, the occupant load factor for a street-level floor in a mercantile occupancy is 30 gross square feet per person. The calculation is performed by dividing the total area by the occupant load factor:

3,240 ft² / 30 ft² per person = 108 people.

This calculation determines the minimum number of occupants for which the building's means of egress must be designed.

A. 32 people: This would result from using an incorrect occupant load factor of approximately 101 ft² per person, which is not applicable to mercantile occupancies.

C. 124 people: This result does not correspond to the standard occupant load factor for a mercantile sales floor as defined in NFPA 101.

D. 126 people: This result is mathematically incorrect and does not align with any standard occupant load factor for this type of space.

1. National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. Quincy, MA: NFPA.

Section 6.1.10.1: Defines Mercantile Occupancies as "an occupancy used for the display and sale of merchandise."

Section 7.3.1.2: States that "The occupant load, in number of persons for any building or portion thereof, shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the occupant load factor for that use as specified in Table 7.3.1.2."

Table 7.3.1.2 "Occupant Load Factor": Specifies for "Mercantile" use on the "Street floor and sales basement," a factor of 30 ft² (2.8 m²) gross per person.

According to NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, the maximum nominal spacing for spot-type smoke detectors on smooth, flat ceilings is 30 ft (9.1 m). This spacing serves as a baseline for design, ensuring that any point on the ceiling is within an acceptable distance of a detector. Specifically, all points on the ceiling must be within a distance of 0.7 times the selected spacing. For a 30 ft nominal spacing, this means no point on the ceiling can be more than 21 ft (6.4 m) from the nearest detector, which provides effective coverage for early detection in a standard room configuration.

A. 15 ft (4.6 m): This spacing is significantly less than the maximum nominal spacing allowed for smoke detectors and would result in an overly dense, inefficient, and unnecessarily costly installation.

B. 20 ft (6.1 m): While a designer could choose to use a 20 ft spacing, it is not the maximum nominal spacing permitted by the code for standard applications.

C. 25 ft (7.6 m): This is also a permissible spacing but is not the maximum nominal value allowed by NFPA 72 for smoke detectors on smooth ceilings.

1. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code (2022 Edition). Chapter 17, Initiating Devices, Section 17.6.3.1.1.1 states: "The distance between smoke detectors shall not exceed a nominal spacing of 30 ft (9.1 m)..." This section explicitly establishes the 30 ft nominal spacing as the fundamental rule for smooth ceilings in the absence of a specific performance-based design.

2. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (5th Edition). Chapter 51, "Detection of Fires and Special Hazards," Section 51.5.2, "Spacing and Location of Spot-Type Smoke Detectors." This section discusses the prescriptive requirements of NFPA 72, stating, "For smooth ceilings, the distance between adjacent smoke detectors is not to exceed a nominal spacing of 9.1 m (30 ft)." (DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-051).

3. University of Maryland, Department of Fire Protection Engineering. Course materials for ENFP 411: Fire Alarm and Detection Systems. Lecture notes on "Initiating Devices" consistently reference NFPA 72, Chapter 17, to establish the 30 ft (9.1 m) nominal spacing for spot-type smoke detectors as a foundational principle for system design on smooth ceilings.

The question requires identifying the approximate length of the dead-end corridor from the provided architectural drawing. The dimension line at the bottom of the drawing explicitly labels the length of the building section containing the dead-end corridor as 31 ft 6 in. (9.6 m). This dimension extends from the exterior face of the far-left wall to the exterior face of the wall on the far side of the intersecting corridor. While the strict definition in the NFPA 101 Handbook measures a dead-end corridor to the centerline of the intersecting corridor, the explicit dimension on the plan is the most direct and intended value to be used for this question.

A. 25 ft 10 in. (7.8 m): This value is an incorrect calculation and does not correspond to any primary dimension shown on the drawing.

C. 69 ft 8 in. (21.2 m): This value cannot be reasonably derived from the dimensions provided for the left portion of the building containing the dead-end.

D. 84 ft 6 in. (25.7 m): This is the overall length of the entire building section depicted, not the specific length of the dead-end corridor.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® Handbook, 2021 Edition, Commentary on Section 7.5.1.6, Exhibit 7.51. This source illustrates the standard method for measuring a dead-end corridor from its terminus to the centerline of the intersecting corridor, which provides a choice of egress paths. The provided drawing's dimension (31 ft 6 in.) deviates from this by measuring to the far wall, but it is the only explicit dimension given for that section.

2. Ching, F. D. K. (2014). Architectural Graphics. John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 3, "Architectural Drawing Systems," pp. 98-101. This text explains the conventions of architectural drawings, including the principle that explicit, written dimensions on a plan take precedence for interpretation over scaled measurements or calculations based on other, potentially conflicting, dimensions.

3. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition (2016). Chapter 54, "Egress System Design," Section 54.4.3. This chapter discusses the components of the means of egress, including corridors, and the importance of correctly interpreting design documents (like the provided exhibit) to evaluate compliance with code requirements such as dead-end limits.

The provided architectural plans contain the specific dimension for the guardrail height. On Sheet A10, Detail 1, titled "RAMP/STAIR GUARDRAIL," a dimension line clearly indicates the height from the "T.O. CONC." (Top of Concrete) walking surface to the top of the guardrail. This dimension is explicitly labeled as "3'-6"", which is 3 feet 6 inches. This height is a standard requirement for guards intended to prevent falls from elevated surfaces like ramps and stair landings.

A. 1 ft 3 in (38 m): This dimension is not shown for the guardrail on the provided plans and is far too low to serve as effective fall protection.

B. 1 ft 7 m (48 m): This dimension is not indicated on the plans for the guardrail and is an insufficient height for safety purposes.

C. 2 ft 10 in (86 m): This dimension, while shown in the detail, represents the height of the handrail, not the top of the overall guardrail structure.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition. Chapter 7, Means of Egress, Section 7.2.2.4.5.2 states, "The height of guards required by 7.2.2.4.1 shall be measured from the walking surface to the top of the guard and shall be not less than 42 in. (107 cm)." The dimension 3 ft 6 in is equivalent to 42 inches, confirming the plan's adherence to this standard.

2. Ching, F. D. K. (2014). Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to Understanding the 2012 International Building Code. John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 10, Means of Egress, Section 1013.3, "Guard Height," illustrates and specifies that required guards shall not be less than 42 inches high. This is a standard academic and professional reference confirming the code requirement reflected in the plans. (Note: While this references the IBC, its requirements for guardrail height are harmonized with NFPA 101 for this application).