An acceptance test is a procedure conducted after work has been completed to verify that a fire protection system performs according to its design and applicable codes. The permit and construction documents are required for the initial installation, modification, or rehabilitation work itself. The acceptance test is a final step in the process of fulfilling the requirements of that permit, not an activity that requires a new, separate permit and submission of construction documents. The AHJ witnesses or receives documentation of the test to approve the system and close out the permit.

B. Rehabilitation: This involves significant restoration or upgrades to an existing system, which requires plan review and a permit to ensure the work meets current codes.

C. Installation: The initial installation of any fire protection system is a fundamental activity that requires the submission of construction documents and the issuance of a permit by the AHJ.

D. Modification: Any alteration or change to an existing fire protection system, beyond minor repairs, requires AHJ approval through a permit to ensure continued compliance.

1. NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2021 Edition.

Section 1.12.6, "Permits." This section explicitly states, "A permit shall be obtained from the AHJ prior to engaging in any of the following activities..." It lists activities such as installing or modifying fire protection systems. Acceptance testing is not listed as an activity requiring a permit; it is a condition of approval for work already permitted.

Section 1.13.1, "General." This section mandates that "construction documents shall be submitted...to the AHJ for review and approval prior to the issuance of a permit..." This applies to installation, modification, and rehabilitation.

2. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition.

Chapter 57, "Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance," Section 57.3.1, "Acceptance Testing." This section describes acceptance testing as the process to "verify that the fire protection system has been installed in accordance with the design and installation standards." This confirms it is a post-installation verification step, not a pre-construction permitting activity.

3. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2022 Edition.

Chapter 29, "System Acceptance." This chapter details the requirements for acceptance testing, including hydrostatic tests and flushing procedures. Section 29.1.1 states, "The installing contractor shall be responsible for...conducting all required acceptance tests." This is presented as a final step before the system is put into service, following the permitted installation.

A site plan, also known as a plot plan in some contexts, is a type of architectural drawing that provides a comprehensive, top-down view of a property. It illustrates how a building or group of buildings are situated on the lot. Critically for fire and life safety, it shows the overall project layout, including property lines, building footprints, driveways for fire apparatus access, locations of fire hydrants and other water supplies, fences, and major landscape features that could impact emergency operations. It is a fundamental document used by fire plan examiners to assess site accessibility and water supply adequacy.

A. Landscape plan: This is a specialized drawing focusing on vegetation, grading, and hardscape details for aesthetic and environmental purposes, not the entire site infrastructure.

B. Construction plan: This is a very general term referring to the complete set of drawings (blueprints) for a project, which includes the site plan, floor plans, elevations, etc.

D. Plot plan: While often used interchangeably with "site plan," a plot plan can sometimes be a simpler version focused only on the structure's location relative to property lines for zoning. The site plan is the more comprehensive term that includes all the elements listed in the question.

1. NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 21st Edition. Section 16, Chapter 2, "Plans Review." This chapter details the components of a plan submittal for fire department review. It specifies that the site plan should show "the location of the building on the property, surrounding streets, fire hydrants, FDCs, and fire department access routes." This directly aligns with the features mentioned in the question.

2. Ching, F. D. K. (2015). Architectural Graphics (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 3, "Architectural Drawing Systems," describes a site plan as a drawing that depicts the location and orientation of a building or a complex of buildings on a plot of land. It details that these plans show property lines, contours, utility lines, access roads, and landscape features, confirming it as the correct term for the described drawing.

3. Oklahoma State University, School of Architecture. (n.d.). ARCH 2513: Architectural Drawing I Course Materials. Courseware for introductory architecture programs defines a site plan as a drawing showing the arrangement of a building, parking, drives, landscaping, and other features on a piece of land from an overhead perspective. This is a standard definition taught in accredited architectural programs.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, outlines the requirements for acceptable water supplies. While it permits the use of gravity tanks, it explicitly mandates that their installation must comply with a separate, dedicated standard. That standard is NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection. NFPA 22 provides the comprehensive requirements for the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of tanks, including gravity tanks, ensuring they function as a reliable water source for fire protection systems.

A. NFPA 13 specifies the requirements for the sprinkler system itself and refers to other standards for the installation of specific water supply sources like tanks.

B. NFPA 20 is the standard for the installation of stationary fire pumps, which are a component of a water supply, not the water storage tank.

D. NFPA 24 covers the installation of private fire service mains and their appurtenances, which is the piping connecting the water supply to the building's system.

1. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2022 Edition). Chapter 5, Water Supplies, Section 5.2.2.2 states, "A gravity tank shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 22."

2. NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection (2023 Edition). Chapter 1, Administration, Section 1.1, Scope, states, "This standard provides the minimum requirements for the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of tanks and accessory equipment that supply water for private fire protection..."

3. Cote, A. E., & Harrington, G. P. (Eds.). (2008). Fire Protection Handbook (20th ed.). National Fire Protection Association. Volume II, Section 16, Chapter 2, "Water Supply Systems," page 16-36, explicitly states that "NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, is the standard that contains provisions for the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of these tanks."

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, establishes the fire protection and life safety requirements for different occupancies. For day care occupancies (both new and existing), it mandates that draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations must be flame-resistant. The code explicitly requires this flame resistance to be verified through testing in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films. NFPA 701 provides the standardized laboratory test procedures to assess the flame propagation characteristics of these materials, ensuring they meet a minimum level of fire safety performance critical for environments with vulnerable occupants.

B. NFPA 703: This standard specifies requirements for fire-retardant-treated wood and fire-retardant coatings for building materials, not for textiles or draperies.

C. NFPA 704: This standard is the "fire diamond" system used to identify the hazards of materials for emergency response; it does not set performance criteria for furnishings.

D. NFPA 705: This document is a recommended practice for conducting a field flame test, not the official laboratory test standard required by NFPA 101 for compliance.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition.

Section 16.7.5.5 (New Day-Care Occupancies): "Draperies, curtains, and other similar loosely hanging furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant as demonstrated by testing in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films."

Section 17.7.5.5 (Existing Day-Care Occupancies): Contains identical language to Section 16.7.5.5, referencing NFPA 701.

2. NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, 2019 Edition.

Section 1.1 (Scope): "This standard establishes test methods to assess the propagation of flame of various textiles and films under specified fire test conditions."

3. SFPE, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition.

Chapter 15, Section 15.5.2.1 (Test Methods for Textiles): "The most widely used tests for draperies, curtains, and other hanging textiles are those in NFPA 701... The Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) requires that hanging textiles in most public occupancies pass NFPA 701." (p. 458).

The symbol depicted, a circle with a solid dot in its center, is the standard graphical representation for a public fire hydrant as viewed in a plan drawing. This symbol is defined within NFPA 170, Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols, which provides a common set of symbols for use in architectural, engineering, and insurance diagrams to ensure clear and consistent communication regarding fire safety features and equipment locations.

B. Riser: A fire protection riser is typically symbolized by a vertical line intersecting a horizontal line, often with a circle at the base indicating its location.

C. Floor drain: A floor drain is a plumbing fixture, and its symbol is commonly a circle containing the letters "FD" or a circle with crosshairs inside.

D. Utility meter: Symbols for utility meters, such as a water meter, are distinct and often represented by a bowtie shape on the supply line or a circle with "WM".

1. NFPA 170, Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols, 2021 Edition, Chapter 5, "Symbols for Use in Architectural and Engineering Drawings and Insurance Diagrams," Table 5.5.1, "Water Supply and Distribution Symbols." The symbol for "Public Fire Hydrant (in plan)" is explicitly shown as a circle with a solid dot in the center.

2. SFPE, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition, Appendix C, "Units, Conversion Factors, and Symbols," Section C.3, "Symbols." This section directs users to NFPA 170 for a comprehensive list of standard fire protection symbols used on drawings.

3. Oklahoma State University, Fire Protection Publications, Plans Review for Fire and Life Safety, 1st Edition, Chapter 3, "Reading Plans and Specifications," Figure 3.10, "NFPA 170 Water Supply Symbols." This educational material reproduces the NFPA 170 symbol for a public fire hydrant.

According to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, an Assembly Occupancy is defined as a space used for the gathering of 50 or more persons. Since the question specifies that the conference rooms are used for meetings of less than 50 people, they do not meet the threshold for an Assembly classification. Instead, such spaces are classified based on the primary occupancy they serve. Conference rooms are a typical accessory use within an office environment, which falls under the Business Occupancy classification. Therefore, these rooms are classified as Business Occupancy.

A. Assembly: This is incorrect because the occupant load is less than the 50-person threshold required by NFPA 101 for an Assembly Occupancy classification.

C. Mercantile: This is incorrect as Mercantile Occupancies are used for the display and sale of merchandise, which is not the function of a conference room.

D. Educational: This is incorrect as Educational Occupancies are used for educational purposes through the 12th grade for groups of six or more students.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition. Section 6.1.2.1, "Assembly occupancies include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of buildings used for the gathering of 50 or more persons..."

2. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition. Section 6.1.8.1, "Business occupancies are occupancies used for the transaction of business, other than mercantile." This section lists "Offices" as a typical example.

3. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Fire Protection Engineering (FPE) Courseware, FPE 553: Fire Protection for Industrial and High-Hazard Occupancies. Course materials on occupancy classification consistently teach that assembly-type spaces with an occupant load under 50 are classified as part of the main occupancy (e.g., Business).

4. University of Maryland, Department of Fire Protection Engineering. ENFP 625, "Enclosure Fire Modeling." Course curriculum covers fundamental principles of the Life Safety Code, including the distinction between Assembly and Business occupancies based on the 50-person occupant load threshold.

According to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, the tread depth is the horizontal dimension of a stair step. It is measured from the leading edge of one tread to the leading edge of the adjacent tread, or to the vertical plane of the riser above. The diagram shows dimension 'B' representing this horizontal measurement, which is the surface a person steps on. This dimension is fundamental in stair design for ensuring safe foot placement during ascent or descent.

A: This dimension represents the riser height, which is the vertical distance between the surfaces of two consecutive treads.

C: This dimension represents the nosing, the portion of the tread that projects over the riser below it.

D: This is a combination of the riser height and tread depth and does not represent a single, standard stair component dimension.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition. Section 3.3.258.7, Definition of Stair Tread Depth: "The horizontal projected distance from the leading edge of a stair tread to the leading edge of the adjacent stair tread."

2. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® Handbook, 2021 Edition. Exhibit 7.23, which accompanies Section 7.2.2.2.1, visually defines the components of a stair, clearly labeling the horizontal dimension (equivalent to 'B' in the question) as "Tread depth."

3. SFPE, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition. Chapter 55, "Means of Egress," Section 55.4.2.2, Stairs. This section discusses stair geometry, where tread depth (run) is defined as the horizontal component of the step. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-055)

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, explicitly states the mounting height requirements for audible notification appliances to ensure effective sound distribution. The code mandates that the tops of wall-mounted audible appliances be located not less than 90 inches (2.29 m) above the finished floor. This placement helps the sound waves travel over potential obstructions like furniture, cubicle walls, and stored materials, thereby improving audibility throughout the space. The appliance must also be mounted with its top at least 6 inches (152 mm) below the ceiling.

A. 80 in. (2.03 m): This is the minimum mounting height for the entire lens of a wall-mounted visual notification appliance (strobe light), not an audible appliance.

B. 88 in (2.23 m): This value is not a specified minimum or maximum mounting height for notification appliances within NFPA 72.

D. 96 in (2.43 m): This is the maximum mounting height for the entire lens of a wall-mounted visual notification appliance, not a minimum for an audible one.

1. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2022 Edition, Chapter 18, "Notification Appliances," Section 18.4.7.1.

2. SFPE, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 6th Edition, Chapter 49, "Detection of Fires and Special Hazards," Section 49.5.2.2, "Location of Notification Appliances." This section discusses the placement rules for audible and visible appliances as derived from NFPA 72.

3. Oklahoma State University, Fire Protection Publications, Fire Alarm Signaling Systems, 4th Edition, Chapter 6, "Notification Appliances," page 138. This text, used in university fire protection programs, states, "Wall-mounted audible appliances must be mounted so their tops are at least 90 in. above the finished floor..."

According to NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, an Assembly Occupancy includes all buildings or portions of buildings used for the gathering of 50 or more persons for purposes such as eating, drinking, entertainment, or worship. A restaurant's primary function is for people to gather for eating and drinking. When its occupant load exceeds the threshold of 49 persons, it is classified as an Assembly Occupancy. This classification triggers specific life safety requirements appropriate for a large number of people in a single space.

A. Business: This classification applies to occupancies used for the transaction of business, such as offices, not for public gatherings for dining.

B. Kitchen: A kitchen is a functional area within an occupancy that has its own specific hazards and protection requirements, but it is not a standalone occupancy classification.

C. Mercantile: This classification is for the display and sale of merchandise, like a department store. A restaurant's primary purpose is on-premises consumption, not retail sales.

1. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2021 Edition. Section 6.1.3.1, "Assembly Occupancies," states: "Assembly occupancies include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering together 50 or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, or awaiting transportation."

2. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th Edition. Chapter 53, "Occupancy Fire Hazards," Section 53.4.3, "Assembly Occupancies." This section discusses the characteristics of assembly occupancies as defined by model codes like NFPA 101, reinforcing the 50-person threshold for places like restaurants. (DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2562-453)

3. Oklahoma State University, School of Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology. Courseware for FPST 3333, "Fire Protection Systems." Lecture materials on Occupancy Classification consistently use a restaurant with an occupant load of 50 or more as a primary example of an Assembly Occupancy based on NFPA 101 definitions.