The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) has expanded significantly beyond its founding members. Brazil's ANVISA (2016), China's NMPA (2017), and India's CDSCO (2023) have all become ICH Regulatory Members and have officially implemented or aligned their national good clinical practice regulations with the ICH-GCP E6(R2) standard. This adoption by major global players in clinical research signifies a broader international commitment to harmonized standards for conducting clinical trials, ensuring data quality and protecting human subjects. These countries represent a major expansion of the ICH framework into new regions.

B. Switzerland: While Switzerland's regulatory authority, Swissmedic, is an ICH Regulatory Member (since 2015) and has adopted ICH-GCP, it is often considered part of the core European regulatory environment and its membership predates that of Brazil and China. The question likely seeks to identify more recent, non-founding members from outside this traditional sphere.

1. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). (2024). ICH Members & Observers. ICH.org. Retrieved from https://www.ich.org/page/ich-members-observers.

Reference Details: This official page lists the regulatory authorities for Brazil (ANVISA), China (NMPA), and India (CDSCO) as full ICH Regulatory Members, confirming their commitment to implementing ICH Guidelines. It also lists Swissmedic (Switzerland) as a member since 2015.

2. National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. (2020). Technical Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) for Drugs.

Reference Details: The NMPA officially implemented ICH-GCP E6(R2) in China, making it legally binding for all clinical trials. This is detailed in announcements and guidelines issued by the NMPA (formerly CFDA) since joining ICH in 2017.

3. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) of Brazil. (2015). Resolution RDC No. 9, of February 20, 2015.

Reference Details: This resolution and subsequent normative instructions officially adopted ICH Good Clinical Practice principles into Brazilian law, aligning the country's regulatory framework with ICH standards prior to becoming a full member.

4. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. (2019). New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. Gazette of India, G.S.R. 227(E).

Reference Details: Part III, "Responsibilities of Sponsor, Investigator and Ethics Committee," and the Second Schedule, "Guidelines for conducting clinical trial in India," are explicitly based on and harmonized with ICH-GCP principles.