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Explanation:

Code Snippet 1

Vulnerability 1: SQL injection

SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a

database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or

password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or

unauthorized access.

Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field.

Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection byvalidating and filtering the user input

values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special

characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query.

Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values.

Code Snippet 2

Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that

handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server

that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or

deleting dat

a. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise.

Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens.

Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each

web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action.

The anti-forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be

predictable or reusable by an attacker. This way, only legitimate web requests from the user’s

browser can be accepted by the server.