A Post Implementation Review (PIR) is a formal assessment conducted after a project is completed to determine if the project was successful and to identify valuable insights. A primary objective of the PIR is to analyze the project's processes, successes, and failures to capture "lessons learned." This knowledge is then used to improve future projects and organizational processes. Because capturing lessons learned is the central purpose and output of a PIR, the terms "Post Implementation Review" and "Lessons Learned Review" are often used interchangeably in project management and business analysis practices.

B. False: This is incorrect. While a PIR may cover broader topics like benefits realization, its core activity is the analysis of the project lifecycle to derive actionable insights for the future, which is the definition of a lessons learned exercise. The terms are functionally synonymous in many organizational contexts.

1. University of California, Berkeley, Project Management Office. In its guidelines for project closure, the purpose of the "Post-Project Review" (a synonym for PIR) is explicitly stated as an opportunity to "review and document the lessons learned from the project." This demonstrates the direct and interchangeable use of the concepts. (Source: UC Berkeley, Information Services and Technology, "Project Management Framework - Closeout Phase").

2. Project Management Institute (PMI). The A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition describes the "Close Project or Phase" process (Section 4.7). A key output is the "final report," which includes a summary of how the project performed and documents the "lessons learned" for use by future projects. The review meeting to generate this report is functionally a Lessons Learned Review.

3. Schindler, M., & Eppler, M. J. (2003). "Harvesting project knowledge: a review of project learning methods and success factors." International Journal of Project Management, 21(3), 219-228. This academic paper discusses various methods for project learning, treating post-project reviews (or PIRs) as a primary formal mechanism for "harvesting" and documenting lessons learned (p. 221). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00096-000096-0).