The Deming Prize was established in 1951 by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) to honor Dr. W. Edwards Deming for his significant contributions to the development of statistical quality control in post-war Japan. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious quality awards globally, originally created to recognize Japanese companies that demonstrated exceptional improvements in quality through the application of Total Quality Management (TQM). The prize played a pivotal role in establishing Japan's reputation for high-quality products and manufacturing excellence.

A. European Quality Award: This award was established by the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) in 1992 to recognize organizational excellence among European companies.

C. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award: This is a United States national award, established by the U.S. Congress in 1987 to promote quality awareness and recognize U.S. companies for performance excellence.

D. Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award: This is India's premier national quality award, instituted by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in 1991 to encourage quality improvements within Indian organizations.

1. Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE). "About the Deming Prize." JUSE. Accessed 2023. This official source states, "The Deming Prize is the longest-running and one of the highest-profile quality awards in the world. It was established in 1951 in commemoration of the late Dr. W. Edwards Deming..." and details its origin within Japan.

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). "About the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program." U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed 2023. The official documentation confirms the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is the "highest level of national recognition for performance excellence that a U.S. organization can receive."

3. Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality Management for Organizational Excellence (7th ed.). Pearson. In Chapter 3, "Quality Management, Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility," the text explicitly describes the origins of major quality awards, identifying the Deming Prize with Japan, the Baldrige Award with the USA, and the European Quality Award with Europe.

4. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). "Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award." Government of India. Accessed 2023. The official BIS portal describes the award's establishment in 1991 to recognize "Indian manufacturing and service organizations that show excellence in their quality systems."