Qualitative inspection characteristics are evaluated based on attributes (e.g., pass/fail, presence of a defect) rather than numerical measurements.

Attributive inspection nonconforming units: This valuation mode is specifically designed for qualitative characteristics. The system evaluates the results based on the number of nonconforming units or defect codes recorded, automatically proposing an acceptance or rejection.

Manual valuation: This mode requires the inspector to manually set the valuation to "accepted" or "rejected." It is a valid option for any characteristic type, including qualitative ones where subjective judgment (like a visual check) is necessary and cannot be fully automated.

B. Variable inspection s-method: This is used for quantitative (variable) characteristics. It valuates the inspection results based on the calculated standard deviation ('s') of the measured values, which is not applicable to qualitative data.

D. Mean value within tolerance range: This is also used for quantitative characteristics. The system calculates the mean of several measured values and checks if it falls within the defined tolerance limits, a concept irrelevant to attributive data.

1. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal: Control Indicators for Master Inspection Characteristics. In the section detailing the control indicators for a master inspection characteristic (MIC)

the "Valuation mode" field is described. The documentation specifies that modes like "Valuation based on the number of nonconforming units" are for attributive inspections (qualitative)

while modes like "Mean value within the tolerance range" and "s-method" are for variable inspections (quantitative). Manual valuation is listed as a universally applicable option.

2. SAP Training Manual S4525 (SAP S/4HANA Quality Management - Quality Planning and Inspection): Unit 3

Lesson: Master Inspection Characteristics. This lesson explains the creation and configuration of MICs. It explicitly differentiates the control indicators and valuation modes applicable to qualitative versus quantitative characteristics

aligning with the explanation above. Attributive and manual valuations are shown as valid for qualitative MICs.

The automatic creation of an inspection lot during the outbound delivery process in SAP S/4HANA is contingent upon two primary configurations. First, the system must be instructed at a process level to trigger a quality inspection. This is achieved in Customizing by assigning an inspection lot origin (e.g., origin 10 for deliveries) to the specific SD delivery type being used. Second, the specific material being delivered must be designated as relevant for this type of inspection. This is controlled in the material master's Quality Management view by activating the corresponding inspection type (e.g., inspection type 10). Both of these prerequisites must be fulfilled for the system to generate an inspection lot.

A. QM activation in the movement type is primarily for inspections triggered by goods movements in Inventory Management (e.g., goods receipt), not for inspections triggered by the creation of an SD delivery document.

D. The quality info record for Sales and Distribution (SD) is used for customer-specific QM controls (e.g., special inspection procedures), but it is not a fundamental prerequisite for the creation of the inspection lot itself.

1. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

Quality Management (QM)

Inspection Lot Creation:

Document: Inspection Processing in Sales and Distribution

Section/Content: The documentation specifies the prerequisites for triggering an inspection for a delivery. It explicitly states: "In Customizing for Quality Management (Inspection Lot Creation -> Inspection at Shipping)

an inspection type must be assigned to the delivery type. In the material master

an inspection type must be active for the inspection lot origin for SD." This directly supports answers B and C.

2. SAP Education Courseware S4525 (SAP S/4HANA Quality Management - 2023):

Unit: Quality Management in Sales & Distribution

Section: Inspection at Shipping

Content: The course material details the configuration steps. It shows the IMG path Quality Management -> Quality Inspection -> Inspection Lot Creation -> Inspection at Shipping -> Assign Inspection Lot Origin to Delivery Type

which confirms the necessity of linking the delivery type to an origin (Answer B). It also emphasizes that the material master must have the relevant inspection type (e.g.

10) activated in the QM view for an inspection lot to be created (Answer C).

3. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

Quality Management (QM)

Basic Data:

Document: Inspection Type

Section/Content: This document explains that for an inspection lot to be created for a specific business process

the corresponding inspection type must be active in the material master. It clarifies that the inspection type is the key link between the material and the inspection process defined by the inspection lot origin. This supports the criticality of Answer C.

A material specification in SAP Quality Management (QM) serves as a simplified inspection plan, defining the inspection criteria directly for a material. The core components used to build a material specification are fundamental QM basic data objects. These include:

1. Master Inspection Characteristics (A): Defines what quality attribute to inspect (e.g., length, color, viscosity). This is the primary object.

2. Sampling Procedures (C): Determines how many units or samples to inspect from an inspection lot.

3. Inspection Methods (E): Specifies how an inspection for a characteristic should be carried out, providing detailed instructions or referencing a standard operating procedure.

These three elements form the essential framework for any inspection defined within a material specification.

B. Dynamic modification rule: This is an optional rule to alter the inspection scope based on historical quality results; it is not a mandatory or fundamental component of the basic specification structure.

D. Selected set: This is a subset of catalog codes used for recording results for qualitative characteristics. It is typically assigned within the master inspection characteristic itself, not as a separate, primary object in the material specification.

1. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal - Material Specification: "In a material specification

you can... store inspection specifications for a material... You edit the material specification by assigning master inspection characteristics to a material and adding specifications (for example

target values

and limits)." This confirms the central role of Master Inspection Characteristics (A).

Source: SAP SE

SAP S/4HANA Documentation

"Quality Management (QM) > Quality Planning > Inspection Planning > Material Specification".

2. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal - Processing of Inspection Characteristics in Plans: "For each inspection characteristic in an inspection plan

you can... assign an inspection method... assign a sampling procedure or a sampling scheme." This documentation

applicable to all plan types including material specifications

confirms that Inspection Methods (E) and Sampling Procedures (C) are directly assigned to characteristics within the plan.

Source: SAP SE

SAP S/4HANA Documentation

"Quality Management (QM) > Quality Planning > Inspection Planning > Editing Inspection Plans > Processing of Inspection Characteristics in Plans".

3. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal - Inspection Method: "You can assign an inspection method to a master inspection characteristic or directly to an inspection characteristic in an inspection plan." This explicitly supports the use of Inspection Methods (E) within a plan structure like a material specification.

Source: SAP SE

SAP S/4HANA Documentation

"Quality Management (QM) > Quality Planning > Basic Data > Inspection Characteristic > Inspection Method".

The quality level is a core component of the Dynamic Modification Rule (DMR) in SAP Quality Management. It tracks the quality history to dynamically adjust the inspection scope. The system updates the quality level at two specific events in the inspection process. The first update occurs upon the creation of an inspection lot, where the system determines the current inspection stage. The second, and more impactful, update happens when the usage decision is made. The outcome of the usage decision (e.g., acceptance or rejection) provides the result that determines the next inspection stage, thereby updating the quality level for future inspections.

A. Creating a quality notification is a process for recording and managing defects; it does not directly trigger an update to the quality level for dynamic modification.

D. Creating a quality certificate is an output function to provide quality assurance documentation to a customer and is not an event that updates the internal quality level.

1. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

Quality Management (QM)

"Update of the Quality Level": "The system updates the quality level at the following two events:

When an inspection lot is created

When the usage decision is made for an inspection lot"

(This source directly confirms that both creating an inspection lot and making a usage decision are the triggers for updating the quality level.)

2. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

Quality Management (QM)

"Dynamic Modification Rule": "The system determines the inspection stage for the new inspection lot on the basis of the quality level. [...] When the usage decision for the inspection lot is made

the system updates the quality level on the basis of the rules defined for the stage change."

(This documentation clarifies the role of both events: lot creation uses the quality level

and the usage decision updates it.)

The Quality Info Record for Procurement (Q-Info Record) is the specific master data object that controls the quality management processes for a particular material-and-supplier combination. To activate a source inspection, which takes place at the supplier's site before delivery, you must create a Q-Info Record. Within this record, you specify that a source inspection is required, which typically deactivates the standard goods receipt inspection for that specific procurement relationship.

A. Business partner: The business partner (supplier) master record contains general data about the supplier but does not hold the specific control settings for quality inspection on a per-material basis.

C. Purchase order item: The purchase order is a transactional document. The decision to perform a source inspection is determined by master data (the Q-Info Record) and is then reflected in the purchase order, not activated by it.

D. Material master: The material master's Quality Management view activates inspection types for the material in general (e.g., for goods receipt). However, it does not differentiate between suppliers for a specific inspection process like a source inspection.

1. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

"Source Inspection": "To be able to carry out a source inspection

you must have created a quality info record for the material/vendor combination. In the quality info record

you specify that a source inspection is to be carried out instead of a regular goods receipt inspection." (SAP S/4HANA 2023

Quality Management (QM) -> Quality Management in Logistics -> QM in Procurement -> Source Inspection).

2. SAP S/4HANA Help Portal

"Quality Info Record in Procurement": "The quality info record determines how the material can be processed further... You can use the quality info record to... Activate a source inspection before the delivery." (SAP S/4HANA 2023

Quality Management (QM) -> Quality Management in Logistics -> QM in Procurement -> Master Data in QM in Procurement -> Quality Info Record in Procurement).

3. SAP Learning Hub

Course TS410 (SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management: Customizing)

Unit: Quality Management in Procurement: This course material details the QM in Procurement process

explicitly stating that the Q-Info Record (transaction QI01/QI02) is the master data used to control procurement activities

including the activation of source inspections for a material-vendor relationship. (Specific reference: TS410

Col23

Unit 7

Lesson: QM in Procurement).